For the purpose of cooling liquids, special devices called heat exchangers are used. They are able to work with juices, milk and various oils. Key device partners include performance and bandwidth. Additionally, the dimensions of the device are taken into account. In order to learn more about heat exchangers, it is worth considering their structure and principle of operation.
Tubular heat exchangers: device and principle of operation
A conventional heat exchanger consists of tubes and a compensator. There is a cover in the side of the case. Handsets on models are fixed on racks. The thermal insulation layer is attached under the tubular heat exchanger. The principle of operation of the devices is based on the removal of fluid through the coolant. Initially, the substance enters the inlet pipe. The cooling rate in this case depends on the initial temperature of the liquid. Additionally, the length and diameter of the pipes are taken into account. To increase the tightness of structures, special clamping rings are used.
Types of heat exchangers
By design, tubular-lamellar, crossroads, direct-flow, and countercurrent models are distinguished. Pipes can be in vertical or horizontal position. Additionally, the separation of devices occurs along the width of the expansion joints.
Tubular-plate modifications
Tubular plate heat exchangers have good performance. To pasteurize juices, models are often used. They are mainly made with small diameter tubes. In this case, the covers are made of steel. In some cases, models have three racks. The throughput averages 20 liters per minute. It is also worth noting that the stores feature modifications with adapters.
Shrouds are generally used with linings. Devices vary greatly in diameter. In front of the modifications are small flanges. O-rings are used to protect models. Tubular heat exchangers (market price) are about 120 thousand rubles.
Features of horizontal modifications
Models of this type are the most common. For industrial enterprises, a tubular heat exchanger (horizontal) is great. The conductivity index for models, as a rule, does not exceed 130 liters per minute. A tubular heat exchanger is often found in dairy enterprises. The tubes in this case are fixed on special plates.
Some enterprises install modifications on wide stands. Heat transfer tubes are used in different diameters. Flanges are usually located in front of structures near covers. The coolant temperature in this case depends on the throughput of the model. Branch pipes are connected to adapters. The manufacture of tubular heat exchangers is mainly established in the United States.
Vertical device options
The vertical tube heat exchanger is suitable only for the pasteurization of viscous oils. Models have very low bandwidth. It is also worth noting that the stores feature modifications on two racks. In some cases, models come with stands. Flanges are installed behind the covers. Directly heat transfer tubes are made of steel. Many models have several o-rings. It is also worth noting that for fixing the casing, clamps are installed on the tubular heat exchanger. The cost of equipment depends on the dimensions of the device, as well as the material of the cylinder.
Counterflow Modifications
A counterflow tubular heat exchanger operates at a pressure of 4 Pa. Handsets for models are installed in a horizontal position. On average, the throughput is at 140 liters of fluid per minute. It is also worth noting that there are modifications with two racks. Lids are most often made of small diameter. Pipes are used from stainless steel, but there are also brass counterparts.
Many modifications are able to boast excellent performance. This type of heat exchanger is well suited for pasteurization of vegetable oil. Some experts say that the models have good tightness. However, they have several drawbacks. First of all, we are talking about large sizes. In addition, it is important to consider the complex tinning of these units, since the racks must be periodically replaced. It is also necessary to constantly check the strength of the flange.
Direct-flow heat exchanger device
In-line heat exchangers are characterized by good throughput. The outlet pipes are installed with a diameter of 2 cm or more. In some cases, wide expansion joints are used. It is also worth noting that the stores have modifications on the facings.
Their throughput is 130 liters of fluid per hour. If we consider a tubular water-water heat exchanger, then its ultimate pressure is 4 Pa. Security systems in devices are used in different classes. According to experts, the conductivity depends not only on the diameter of the pipes, but also on the length of the cylinder. Enclosures in devices are used in high density.
Wide Compensator Models
Wide-compensated heat exchangers are great for running oil. The ultimate pressure starts at 3 Pa. Protection systems are mainly used in class P23. Separate removal from modifications deserves adapters. Lids are made of stainless steel and are screwed together. Very rarely there are devices on two racks. First of all, they have unstable plates. It is also worth noting that there are modifications with front flanges. O-rings are secured behind the adapters.
Narrow Compensator Model Reviews
Narrow-compensated heat exchangers are well suited for pasteurization of milk. Their tubes are located in a horizontal position. Many experts say that devices are most often produced on 6 handsets. Their casings are of medium density. The models deserve special attention. The specified parameter generally does not exceed 120 liters per hour.
Additionally, the conductivity of the model, which depends on the diameter of the cylinder, is taken into account. In order to choose a high-quality heat exchanger, it is worth paying attention to sealing devices. Many heat exchangers are manufactured with several retaining rings. Due to this, a high degree of security is achieved.
6 tube modifications
6-tube heat exchangers are capable of showing good performance. If their diameter is less than 2.3 cm, then certain problems with conductivity may occur. The operating temperature in this type of heat exchanger is on average 10 degrees. Cylinders are most often made from brass. Also on the market there are cast-iron models that weigh a lot and are bulky.
Parameters of 8 handset models
8-tube heat exchangers are suitable for cooling not only oils, but also high-density liquids. Productivity on average models is 110 liters per hour. As a rule, the pipe diameter of the modifications is 3.3 cm. Many models are produced with several flanges. Special attention to the devices deserve seals that are fixed on the rings. Modern heat exchangers are manufactured in three rings. In this case, the flange should be located in front of the modification.
Double heat exchangers
What is the difference between heat exchangers with double thermal insulation? First of all, they have a very low operating temperature. It is also worth noting that they are great for working with oils and milk. Many modifications are used in large enterprises. Today devices for 6 and 8 pipes are produced. In the first case, the average productivity is 120 liters per hour with a diameter of at least 2.2 cm.
Modifications to 8 pipes with a double seal can boast good conductivity. They are most suitable for high density fluids. Modifications to two racks are used for pasteurization of milk in large quantities. There are still models with a vertical arrangement of pipes.
Modifications without compensator
Tubular stainless heat exchangers without a compensator are unable to work with oils. It is also worth noting that they have poor performance. However, the advantage of the models is the rapid cooling of liquids. Devices are well suited for pasteurization of juices.
Flanges are installed in front of the cover. It is also worth noting that two and three racks are available. Cylinders are made of cast iron or steel. The average pipe diameter is 2.4 cm. The sealing nuts are fixed to the posts. High performance devices come with optional brackets.