If we pay attention to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, then we can say that the fiscal policy in our country, as a rule, is carried out by the government, since this is its responsibility. Its implementation takes place at various levels.
The state budget is a form of funds collected from the population and spent on state needs, the receipt of which mainly occurs at the expense of taxes and fees from property of citizens and profits of enterprises. With the help of these funds, ships, the army, local government, and so on are financed. This is the so-called state plan, which is drawn up for the whole year and has the same force as the law. It involves the performance of three functions:
1) Stabilization. Its purpose is to pursue macroeconomic policies.
2) Redistribution. That is, the income received by the state is distributed in the interests of the whole society.
3) Allocation. The objective of this function is to create a financial base for the state in the production of public goods.
The fiscal policy of the state implements such functions as the creation of various benefits for society, control over the structure of national incomes and their redistribution. Its implementation, most likely, is based on one of the concepts, which are called "neutral" and "functional."
The task of the first is to ensure that the fiscal policy of Russia is tied to the most effective budget balancing, while providing a neutral attitude to processes affecting the social and economic spheres. In other words, such a concept is based on purely financial tasks related to the most efficient distribution of funds that have been withdrawn. The fiscal policy implemented by the second concept includes the implementation, in addition to financial, also economic functions. It is based on the principle that states: the balance of the state budget is also not important compared with the balance of the national economy. On this basis, macroeconomic stabilization is accompanied by a surplus or a budget deficit.
Most of the budget of any state is made up of taxes on the population. Therefore, fiscal policy is an important component in the implementation of the normal functioning of state bodies. It includes a whole system of methods and legal norms related to tax administration. The main elements of all tax systems are the types of taxes and, of course, the principles of their calculation. With their help, there is funding for the entire state.
Tax incentives are the most important tool that contains fiscal policy. Since it is with their help that the impact on the economy is carried out. It plays an important role, since the state, in this way, can carry out, for example, stimulation of enterprises, which contributes to economic growth. And this is the task of every state.