Any building construction requires protection from the negative effects of moisture. In order to prevent water from rising from the foundation up the wall, horizontal waterproofing is carried out during the construction process. The foundation is thus reliably protected.
Features of horizontal waterproofing
From the name it is clear that the base protection system involves the impact on a horizontal plane. If everything is done correctly, then the created barrier will not allow groundwater to rise up. Especially protection is required if the groundwater level is a meter or less from the base of the foundation.
In order to protect the base from moisture, it is necessary to waterproof the base, and this must be done during construction, since in the case of a functioning building these works will be more difficult. The described work is carried out according to SNiP. Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation must comply with SNiP 31-02. According to these rules, membrane materials cannot be used for protection. The waterproofing layer should be continuous throughout the base.
If the groundwater level is high enough, then the protection tab should be carried out one meter from the base. Primary protection, also called antifiltration, is performed at the stage of reinforcing the foundation. It involves the addition of concrete compounds.
About secondary waterproofing
The secondary horizontal protection is laid on the base under the first link. This protects the wooden walls from capillary moisture. Such work should be performed after the foundation has matured, they must be carried out before laying the building material. Horizontal waterproofing the foundation usually involves the use of roll protection as roofing material or any other material on a bitumen basis.
Reviews on the methods of horizontal foundation protection
The work described in the article can be performed using one of the existing technologies. For example, gluing waterproofing is usually used to protect wooden houses, but it can also be an ideal solution for isolating the foundation for any construction.
Consumers emphasize that for this you can use the usual roofing material glued to bitumen mastic. Using roofing material separately is impractical, because mastic is able to improve the quality of the layer and increase strength. The okleechny horizontal waterproofing of the foundation is a laying of material with an overlap in two layers. According to home masters, this allows you to get more reliable coverage.
On the applied mastic, the thickness of which will be 1 mm, sheets of roofing material are laid, all the seams must be well sealed. Coating waterproofing involves the use of polymeric materials, sprayed substances by type:
- liquid rubber;
- bituminous mastic;
- rubber.
One of these options is applied to a horizontal plane and distributed over the surface. The layer will perform water-repellent functions and create a durable elastic and thin film. After polymerization, according to the masters, the material will be deprived of capillaries and pores where moisture could penetrate.
A horizontal foundation waterproofing device may involve the use of penetrating materials. The design, as emphasized by home craftsmen, is treated with a special primer that can be sprayed. Molecules penetrate and fill the pores. As a result, it is possible to obtain an impermeable reliable coating that is fixed inside.
Installation technology of roofing material
If you decided to use roofing material for horizontal protection of the base, then with its help it will be possible to create a single integral impermeable coating. At the first stage, the foundation walls are marked and demarcated. Screed can be made from cement mortar.
The hardened composition is covered with bitumen mastic. The sheets of roofing material are covered with mastic and laid on the foundation, so that the material covers the surface and its sides. The horizontal waterproofing of the foundation at the next stage involves the alignment of the paintings with the help of wooden battens. The adhesive layer should be evenly distributed over the area, it is important to exclude voids.
Technology of waterproofing
This technique involves the installation of a leveling screed. It is made of cement-sand mortar, to which fillers are added, which increase the waterproofness of the structure. The main material in this case is still rolled bitumen or polymer cloths of increased mechanical strength.
The horizontal waterproofing of the foundation at the first stage is accompanied by leveling the base with a screed, the solution for which is prepared with the addition of additives. They are necessary to increase the resistance of concrete to moisture penetration. After the screed has dried, the surface is coated with a primer on a bitumen or water base, use a brush or roller for this.
The primer must be left to dry for several hours, after which it is recommended to start applying polymer or bitumen mastic. Particular attention should be paid to structural elements according to the type of seams and corners where condensate may stagnate. Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation using this technology may include the application of an adhesive layer in the form of mastic; it does not need to be dried.
Methodology
Further, as in the above method, roofing material is laid. When gluing waterproofing, the rolled material is laid on dried mastic, and then ironed with a roller. Surfacing waterproofing is carried out using a propane burner. It will allow you to heat the roll and roll it on the surface, pressing it to the base.
Laying roll waterproofing can be carried out in 3 layers. It is important to ensure that the canvases of the upper layer do not intersect at the seams of the lower. The width of the waterproofing should be such that it overlaps the contact of the walls with the foundation. If you have to waterproof the base of the building with a basement, then the layer is laid under the sole of the foundation, it is necessary to place it above the blind area and at the place where the basement ends. In buildings without basements, only the foundation from the walls can be waterproofed.
Penetrating waterproofing
This type of waterproofing is performed using cement mortars, to which modifiers are added. The latter are chemically active compounds. In contact with concrete, they crystallize and form a waterproof, solid surface layer that is resistant to erosion and chemicals.
Such horizontal waterproofing of the walls from the foundation is quite inexpensive, but very effective, but it requires preparatory work. The surface of the base should be cleaned from a hard layer, remove dirt and dust, traces of paint and rust, as well as residues of waterproofing. Using hydrochloric acid, the foundation is degreased. It is important to make sure that the surface is strong enough and has open pores.
In the presence of protruding reinforcing elements, they must be cleaned to a metallic luster. Seams, cracks and joints need to be embroidered and cleaned. The solution is mixed with water, filler and modifiers, and then left to ripen. The surface of the foundation is wetted with water, but you should not be zealous.
Technology recommendations
The cement mortar is applied with a spatula, the composition is distributed and left until it dries for several days. It is impossible to load the surface. Before carrying out the described work, you should definitely select materials. Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation, for example, can also be carried out using special solutions based on polymer two-component additives. Such penetrating compositions have a low viscosity, therefore, penetrate into the concrete and fill the capillaries. In contact with the hardener, this waterproofing creates a waterproof layer. Sprayed penetrating waterproofing is usually combined with vertical.
Injection waterproofing
This method of waterproofing is based on saturation of concrete through drilled holes. The penetration depth can be equal to 0.5 m. When the material is in contact with moisture in the foundation, the solution begins to swell and completely closes the pores, excluding capillary leakage of moisture from the soil. If the horizontal waterproofing of the foundation by you will be carried out in this way, then the walls of the base must be cleaned of the remnants of the old waterproofing and pollution.
The holes should be located at such a distance that a waterproof layer forms in the foundation. Drilling should be carried out to a depth that is slightly larger than the width of the foundation. The holes should be at a slight angle. The nozzles are placed in them, which are necessary for the supply and distribution of the solution. For this, low pressure pumps are needed that mix the polymer gel with the hardener before being introduced into the structure. After curing the composition and swelling from exposure to moisture, a waterproof layer forms.
Vertical base waterproofing
Vertical and horizontal waterproofing of the foundation are usually used in the complex. The first of these methods involves applying mastic to a cleaned and dried surface. It is important to exclude the presence of dust and sand, as they will interfere with good contact.
Cleaning can be done with a vacuum cleaner, brush or car wash. Drying can be carried out in a natural way - under the sun's rays or through technical devices, namely:
- incandescent lamps;
- electric heater;
- heat guns.
After drying, the concrete is treated with a primer, which will ensure the bonding of fine dust particles and strengthen the surface. The primer prepares the foundation for mastic processing. Its application should be carried out on a flat surface, so the cavities are pre-closed and the protrusions are knocked down.
Conclusion
Horizontal waterproofing the foundation with roofing material is the most common, but today there are many other ways to protect the foundation of buildings and structures. Among others, it is worth highlighting okleechny, smear and penetrating.