Recently, breeders have bred a huge number of grape varieties. Thanks to their efforts, not only people living in the southern regions can enjoy fresh and tasty berries grown in the garden. Today there are many dessert varieties that feel great in cold places. Fruiting vines can be obtained quite simply, since this culture takes root quite easily. There are a lot of ways to root grape cuttings, but now we will talk about chubs harvested in the fall after pruning the vine before shelter for the winter period.
How to prepare cuttings
It is best to harvest cuttings in the month of November: when pruning fruiting vines, only well-ripened ones should be selected. The thickness should be approximately like a regular pencil.
- It is necessary to cut the vine into segments having 2-4 kidneys. If there are few cuttings, it is better to wrap them in slightly moistened newsprint and in a plastic bag. In this case, do not forget to leave small holes so that the air circulates. Some, before laying the cuttings (or as they are called vineyards, chubuki) for storage, soak them in water for a day, then dry and pack.
- The ends of the cuttings it is desirable (but not necessary) to dip in melted wax or gloss over with plasticine. This is done to reduce moisture evaporation during storage.
- You can store cuttings in the refrigerator near the freezer. However, it is recommended to arrange them so that they do not freeze. If there are a lot of chubuk, then you can leave them in the cellar by wrapping it in plastic and sprinkling it with sand. The cellar needs to have a low temperature. You can also dig in an unheated place to a depth of 15-20 cm, covering with a special material on top. A trench with land or sand is perfect for this.
- Chubuki cut in autumn cannot be kept outdoors for more than a day. They begin to gradually wake up and evaporate moisture. To root grape cuttings, it is better to use those that were harvested in the fall, and not cut from wintered vines. The fact is that during the winter period the shoots of the plant dry out quite strongly, the moisture from them freezes. You can also root them, but for this you need to pre-soak in water for at least three days. The second reason it is better to take autumn cuttings is the likelihood of freezing of the buds in winter.
How to prepare cuttings for rooting
Before embarking on rooting grape cuttings in winter, they need to be saturated with moisture. If there is a small supply of wood, at least 1.5 cm long, from below and above the chubuk to the kidneys, the slices are freshened with secateurs (the tool should be sharp) and soaked for 2-3 days.
Any container (bucket, basin, bathtub, etc.) with water, preferably well, melt or filtered, is suitable for soaking. Cuttings should be completely immersed in the liquid. For the best effect of root growth, you can add various natural stimulants to the water (for example, “Heteroauxin”), flower honey, aloe juice, or Zircon, Epin, and Fumar store preparations. If the soaking takes place in clean water, then it is better to change it periodically.
In order to understand how much you need to soak the cuttings, you should look at the amount of moisture lost. It is easy to determine by the level of wrinkling of the surface of the chubuk. Do not keep cuttings in water for more than 2 days, as they suffocate.
After soaking, you should again make sections, and also add longitudinal sections of the bark at the bottom of the handle. There should be a gap of about 1 cm between the lower cut and the kidney. Usually, the first callus is formed there. The cut should be about 3 cm above the upper kidney. Some recommend waxing it.
Next, we consider some of the most common methods of harvesting and rooting cuttings.
Rooting in water. Work sequence
With this method of rooting, the cuttings should have 2-3 kidneys. If more, it is advisable to cut such a vine into pieces. Let us consider in sequence how rooting of grape cuttings in water is carried out.
- Prepared vines are best placed in a transparent container, as this will make it possible to track root growth. The second kidney should be above the edge of this container. Pour water at 4 cm and add as it decreases.
- The lower part of the shank can be slightly scratched to stimulate the formation of callus that occurs in places of damaged bark of the plant. Today there is a debate over whether it is necessary. Sometimes the roots appear without it, at the same time, the presence of callus can not always mean the appearance of roots.
- In water, if desired, you can add "Heteroauxin." When rooting grape cuttings, it is necessary to change the water, about once a week, without adding anything. At the bottom of the sprout, you can make small incisions, about 1 cm, in order to rub the Kornevin into it. It is recommended to put a container with chubki on the battery or any heated surface in order to stimulate the formation and growth of roots. It is also desirable to provide coolness in the upper part of the cuttings, as this will slow down the development of greenery. As a rule, after two weeks, leaves with an shoot appear, and even after the same period of time - small roots. It is worth noting that a bunch of flowers can form on the shoot. It must be carefully removed from the plant, plucking or cutting off with small scissors. The roots on the handle are usually formed at the border of water and air. Sometimes they grow above a slice or from a kidney in water, rarely directly above water.
Landing
From rooting grape cuttings in water, you can refuse and plant them directly in the ground, always loose. To do this, you will need separate containers. If you want to use this method, you need to remember that it is recommended to make the lower cut oblique so that it is easier to stick the cuttings into the ground. It is also necessary to monitor the level of humidity of the earth and prevent its drying out. The disadvantage of this method is that not every stalk is successfully rooted. In addition, if the plant has already appeared green shoots, and there are no roots yet, then the water will fulfill the function of feeding roots.
In peat tablets
This method involves rooting grape cuttings in peat tablets. This is done as follows:
- After the soaking and cutting of the cuttings has been done, they should be inserted into swollen peat tablets, which must be wrapped in a film or wet cloth.
- Then, the cuttings with the tablets must be placed in a plastic bag (to preserve moisture) and put in a cabinet for 3 weeks. With this method, the upper sections of the cuttings must be waxed.
- Most often, after about 3 weeks, grape roots will hatch through the tablets. To plant such nibs, carefully cut the mesh with scissors on the tablet.
In this method of rooting grape cuttings at home, we get small seedlings convenient for planting without overgrown vines, which simplifies the transplantation process.
Aquarium way
To root this way, you need an aquarium, a foam bridge and an aerator. After the soaking is done, the Chubuki are placed on the foam bridge. It is necessary that they are 2-3 cm in the water under the foam.
You need to put an aerator in the water, which will pump air. With this method, aeration will be a good stimulator of root growth. In the aquarium, it is easy to arrange the heating of the liquid to the desired temperature (approximately 25 degrees Celsius), which also activates the root growth. And since the air is cool above the water, this will lead to a balanced development of shoot and root. However, it is worth paying attention to the aeration flow power, which should not be too large, since it can overturn the foam bridge. Also, when rooting grape cuttings, you can do without an aquarium, and use a different container. But the aquarium is good in that it is easier to follow the development of the plant and roots in it.
An effective way to root
This rather old and very successful way of rooting grape cuttings at home came to us from Moldova. It differs from the previous ones in that it needs the whole vine, the length of which is at least 60 cm. It is twisted into a ring, tied with a hemp rope and then laid in a deep hole. It is necessary that 1-2 kidneys remain on the surface. After this, the plant needs to be watered, and on the end looking out of the ground, pour a small mound of earth to prevent the buds from drying out. With this method of rooting grape cuttings in autumn, a rather strong seedling grows, which is ready to show the first fruits next year. This is because in a long vine there is a fairly large supply of useful nutrients, which are quite enough for the development of a powerful root system. So a lot of roots are formed, and along the entire length of this vine, the apical buds begin to receive enhanced nutrition.
Landing without germination
If it’s too late to root Chubuki (for example, in April), you can plant them in the ground in a permanent place immediately after germination. The rooting of grapes by cuttings in the spring is carried out as follows:
- It is advisable to arrange a school for cuttings on a hill with a southern slope. ·
- Organic matter and sand should be in the ground, since such soil warms up much faster, and root sprouting will not lag very much behind the growth of warm buds. ·
- You can also slightly slow down the growth of shoots, for this the tops of the cuttings should be sprinkled with loose soil. ·
- Cuttings must be planted vertically. Long, exceeding 30 cm, should be planted at an angle so that the upper kidney is located on top. In this case, the shoot will grow evenly, without leaning to the side.
Fit into the container
After that, the roots will grow by about 1-2 cm, the chubuk must be planted. If the roots outgrow, they can become confused and will be injured during transplantation. Most often, rooting of grape cuttings at home is done in cut plastic bottles with made drainage holes. Tanks are filled with light earth. Since they are transparent, you can track the growth progress of the root system of the seedling.
Under the roots of the Chubuk, you need to leave about 5 cm of soil. It must be watered and put the handle, which is sprinkled with earth. Pi need to be watered so that the earth well sticks to the roots. Then the soil should be compacted. Planting depth - from 7 to 10 cm. In case the distance between the eyes is small, plant the stalk so that its sprouted upper eye is located above the ground.
Watering
It is necessary to water grape seedlings very sparingly. They do this, as a rule, once a week. Watered quite a bit, about 100 g of water per one stalk. An abundant supply of moisture is used if the temperature of the earth is above 15 ° C. If the room in which the seedlings are located is cold, then you can water it once every 2 or 3 weeks.
Start of growth
Sometimes several shoots begin to develop from one kidney at once. How then to be? How many shoots should there be on the handle?
The young root system of the Chubuk is not able to provide food for two or more full-fledged vines. You need to choose from them only one, the strongest, or which grows strictly vertically.
If the shoots have developed from the upper two buds, it is better to choose the upper one and remove the lower one, since it will be more convenient to plant a seedling in a permanent place.
Why root rot occurs and how to prevent this
Be sure to monitor the temperature, because if the seedlings become too cold, the moisture will evaporate less, which will cause rotting of the roots. In this case, it is recommended to water them after the soil has dried. If the roots began to rot, then you need to dig up a seedling, completely cut off the rotten part, then lightly powder it with powdered charcoal, and then plant it in a new, not too moist ground and put in heat.
If the roots are completely rotted, you can try to save the plant. For this, it is necessary to refresh the slice to living tissue and put it in the water again for rooting.
Fading tops and sometimes drying leaves signal root problems. However, do not forget that this may not be rotting of the root system. Often this happens due to too dense soil or overflow. The roots begin to choke in such conditions. If the earth is wet and there is no way to irrigate with Radifarm or Kornevin, you can try to solve the problem with Megafol by spraying it with a plant.
The timing of rooting grape cuttings
For our climate zone, early rooting of cuttings is more suitable than later, with planting directly in open ground.
Early harvesting and rooting of grape cuttings (in January-February) justifies themselves only in the presence of artificial lighting and a heated greenhouse for growing.
Late rooting (in April-May) is used if the plant is immediately planted in open ground, without growing in containers.