One of the favorite plants of gardeners is raspberries. To get a good harvest, throughout the entire growing season you need to properly care for the plant. In spring and autumn, a whole range of procedures is necessary for the successful cultivation of raspberries.
Raspberries for health
Raspberry has not only excellent taste, but also rich in vitamins. This plant can be used to treat a variety of diseases: everyone knows about the magical properties of jam from these berries. From raspberry leaves make useful vitamin teas that help strengthen the immune system. They, like berries, contain many useful trace elements and vitamins.
Raspberries can lower body temperature, reduce headaches, and remove toxins. They help strengthen immunity, give strength. Drinks from them are recommended for neurosis, depression. Raspberry tea helps to fall asleep. In folk medicine, the flowers of this plant are also used.
Leaves are used to treat kidney problems, as well as vitamin fees, as a general restorative. Decoctions of leaves help normalize the digestive tract.
Planting, replanting bushes
The best time for planting and replanting raspberry bushes is spring. The following factors influence the harvest results:
- The quality of planting material. It is very important that the seedlings are healthy and sufficiently developed. They should have a root system of about fifteen centimeters.
- Correctly selected site. For the successful cultivation of raspberries, it is necessary to select a site that is protected from drafts and direct sunlight. A good option is to land on loamy, sandy loamy lands with a high level of humidity.
- Conducting proper soil preparation. Before planting, it is important to properly prepare the ground. Regardless of the method of planting, the place where you plan to grow raspberries should be fertilized. To do this, make mineral and organic fertilizing. In this soil, the plant will receive all the necessary substances.
- Landing dates. Repairing varieties are recommended to be planted in March-April before the start of the growing season. More precise landing periods are determined separately for each region and depend on climatic conditions.
In the spring, to successfully grow raspberries, it is necessary to trim and garter the bushes.
Garter and pruning
Spring pruning of bushes consists of two stages. At the first stage, weak, severely frozen, damaged branches are removed. If the bushes are very thickened, then thinning is carried out.
When growing raspberries with a tape method, it is necessary to ensure the optimum density of no more than twenty-five lianas per linear meter. When bush cultivation - no more than twelve shoots. After thinning, plantings begin to receive more light and nutrients. Initially, those shoots whose stems are damaged by the pest are removed. On bare shoots, on which there is still no foliage, one can easily find the larvae of the stem gall midge: they look like swellings at the bottom of the stem.
At the second stage, when growing and caring for raspberries, they cut all branches. The tops are cut to the first kidney, which is well wintered. Even not frozen tops must be removed. This technique stimulates the formation and fruiting.
With proper pruning, the plant will delight a strong crop.
It is very important to carry out a garter shoots. Leaving and growing raspberries of a fading type mean a garter to the trellis of branches. Columns for support are recommended to be hammered along the edges and in the central part of each row, and a wire is stretched between them. The height of the upper cross member should be no more than a meter, and the lower one - about sixty centimeters. Each vine is tied to the crossbars in two places. For this purpose hemp twine or soft tissue is used. A tied bush should be located vertically without falling over.
As a support, you can use stakes. They are driven between plants and lashes from two adjacent bushes are tied to them. This method does not obscure the bushes and facilitates the collection of fruits.
Top dressing in the spring
According to the advice of experienced gardeners, the care and cultivation of raspberries require proper and timely feeding. This is done as follows:
- The first feeding is carried out with nitrogen fertilizers. Fifteen grams of urea are added to the freshly thawed ground. To avoid the effect of acidification during the application of nitrogen, a glass of wood ash is recommended for each bush. Instead of nitrate, you can use potassium fertilizer, in which there is nitrogen. You can use complex feeding, mixing in equal parts nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. For feeding, one hundred grams of the mixture are taken and diluted in a bucket of water.
- After feeding, mulching is carried out.
- In May, raspberries are fed with mullein. For its preparation, five hundred grams of manure are taken and poured with a bucket of water. One square meter will need five liters of the mixture.
Organic Nutrition
Most gardeners prefer to feed bushes with organic fertilizers. For this purpose apply:
- Mullein. It is bred at the rate of 1 to 10.
- A solution of rabbit or goat droppings. To prepare it, you need to take one part of the manure and pour ten parts of water.
- The solution of bird droppings. Prepared in a ratio of 1 to 20.
- Tincture of herbs. Good results are shown by the use of tincture comfrey, nettle. For cooking, you need a kilogram of fresh herbs, pour a bucket of hot water and insist for a week. Then a liter of infusion is diluted in ten liters of water and watered raspberries. To feed one bush, you need two liters of composition.
According to the advice of experienced gardeners, the care and cultivation of raspberries provide for spring treatment of the plants themselves and the soil.
Soil treatment
In the spring it is necessary to carry out soil cultivation under the bushes of remont raspberries. Care and cultivation of such varieties involve mulching with a thick layer. Before this process, loosening to a depth of up to ten centimeters is necessarily carried out, plants are abundantly watered.
You can not dig the ground in the spring, as you can damage the roots. This is due to the fact that they lie to a depth of about thirty centimeters. You can dig the soil only in the autumn season.
Mulching helps prevent depletion of the earth, and also maintain moisture under the bushes. It can not be carried out for too wet soil types. In such places they carry out loosening and fertilize.
As you know, the root system is growing rapidly, new territories are being captured by remontant raspberries. The care and cultivation of this type of plant involves the construction of a fence: you can dig into the ground cut sheets of slate to a depth of at least half a meter. Thanks to this barrier, the plant will not go beyond the raspberry and will always remain in the area allotted to it.
Pest Management Methods
From early spring, it is necessary to begin processing the bushes from pests. At this time, it is made from raspberry beetle, gall midge, weevil, stem fly. With the timely removal of dry leaves and branches, it is possible to partially solve the problem of pests.
To prevent the propagation of the pest in the new year, it is necessary to treat the bushes from early spring, it is best before buds open.
Features of raspberry cultivation suggest processing Bordeaux liquid. To get rid of the raspberry beetle, they are treated with a solution of Nitrafen diluted at the rate of two hundred milliliters per bucket of water. The solution of "Fufanon" helps to cope with the gall midge. For processing, prepare a solution of fifteen milliliters of the drug, diluted in a bucket of water.
In early May, bushes must be treated with Fitoverm. It is bred in accordance with the instructions.
Summer raspberry care
In the summer months, the cultivation of remont raspberries provides for timely watering, weeding, loosening row spacings. Be sure to remove extra shoots throughout the growing season, and only a small number of young plants are left to be used as seedlings.
During the summer, raspberries are treated twice with fungicides. The first treatment is carried out during the flowering period, and the second after its completion.
Watering
Tips for growing raspberries and caring for them include proper watering. It depends on what the crop will be and what the berries will be. The irrigation schedule depends on the air temperature, as well as on the intensity and frequency of precipitation. Most of all, raspberries need water during the period when mass flowering, fruit setting and ripening occur. In dry times, the plant lacks moisture and can reduce several times the yield.
In the last summer month and in the beginning of autumn, there is quite enough moisture, so watering is reduced.
When growing raspberries from seeds or other methods, it is best to use drip irrigation. In late autumn, irrigation is carried out by sprinkling or furrows are watered. Both that, and another way helps to charge soil with moisture.
Autumn sprinkling helps protect the bushes from frost, but also this method can lead to the development of diseases that are dangerous for ripening berries. High humidity not only worsens the condition of the root system, but also negatively affects the quality of the fruit, reduces immunity, and provokes secondary growth.
Autumn Care
All raspberries cultivated on the garden plot need autumn care. After removing the last crop, the final treatment from pests is carried out and the bushes are prepared for wintering.
With the beginning of leaf fall, all weakened shoots are necessarily removed. All rejected stems are cut to the very root, at the same time they dig out all the overgrown young shoots.
In the fall, mulch is removed or digging is carried out to a depth of not more than fifteen centimeters. Before digging the soil, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers must be added at the rate of eight grams per square meter. It is useful to alternate mineral and organic fertilizers: in the autumn they add organic matter, and in the spring, next year - mineral substances.
Preparing for the winter
To get raspberries in the photo, cultivation requires special preparation for wintering. At the end of September, while the vines are still flexible, they should be bent to the ground. After the snow falls, the vine should be completely under it. Thus, it is possible to protect the bushes from freezing. If in the growing region there are severe frosts without snow, then it is worth covering the bushes. This is done according to the same principle as for rose bushes.
Features of care for different varieties
When growing raspberries from seeds, you can get completely new varieties.
Breeders use seed propagation to obtain new plant species. Each new variety has its own characteristics of care.
Raspberry Cumberland does not like excessive levels of humidity: otherwise she has anthracnose. This variety can be grown in the same place for eight years. For reproduction, seeds, cuttings, layering are used.
The popular raspberry Tarusa, or raspberry tree, is grown without support. To make it grow like a tree, pinch the crown of the branches. This variety loves light, frequent watering, loose soil with a large number of trace elements and minerals. At the end of July, all repelled branches are removed, and the formation of the bush is carried out at the end of September.
Hercules prefers sunny areas. Powerful bushes require space and good ventilation, so they are planted with an interval of not less than eighty centimeters, and between rows should be at least one and a half meters. The variety is demanding on top dressing, watering. After collecting the berries, the aerial part is cut off under the root. This makes it possible to get a big harvest in the next season.