There are several ways to grow and propagate garlic. It is planted with seeds, cloves and bulbs. The planting pattern of garlic depends on the choice of planting material . Our article provides information about each method separately.
Types and varieties of garlic
There are two main types of this culture: winter and spring garlic. Less common is the variety whose planting is not tied to a particular season. These differences also determine the rules for planting garlic.
Winter is known as a rifle culture. In the summer, he produces peduncles. If planted in the spring, it will not reach full maturity. Thanks to the breeding of new varieties, winter garlic has appeared, which does not release arrows. This greatly facilitates the care of the plant, since picking flower stalks is a rather delicate process. They need to be removed as soon as they are formed, otherwise the heads of garlic will be small.
Spring varieties are planted in the spring. During the autumn period, he does not have time to take root, so his seedlings are usually thinned out, and the crop is sparse. Spring culture refers to non-shooting species and propagates only with teeth.
The planting pattern of garlic depends on its main variety. For example, spring does not need to be deepened as much as winter species of this plant require.
Varieties of winter garlic among themselves differ in the number of cloves, the size and shape of the head, the presence or absence of arrows and the color of the scales covering the cloves. In most cases, this particular type of culture is planted. In the practice of gardeners, there are popular varieties that have managed to prove themselves on the positive side: “Danilovsky local”, “Komsomolets”, “Gribovsky-60”, “Otradnensky” and “Mushroom anniversary”.
The timing
Planting garlic in the fall in each region is carried out differently. It depends on climatic conditions and changes in the weather. In central Russia, planting operations usually take place at the beginning of October, in northern regions - at the end of the first month of autumn. In the south of the country, this time falls at the beginning of September. The optimal time for planting garlic in the suburbs was always considered the time that occurred in the first half of October.
In recent years, the climate in our country has changed a lot and the autumn weather is full of surprises. It is important to monitor the rainfall and approach the issue of planting thoughtfully. During planting, the soil should be moderately moist. You should also build on the weather forecast. If the garlic is planted too early and at the same time it will stay warm for a long time, it will release greens. Upon reaching a certain increase in green mass, the first crop will destroy the entire crop. Small sprouts frost only touches the top, so this will not affect the future development of the culture. She needs to take time for rooting, but not let it grow. In garlic, this process occurs within one month.
In regions with a temperate climate, as a rule, the autumn temperature is set at + 10 º. Under such conditions, the timing of garlic planting in the suburbs does not change much. Work in this region is carried out from September 20 to October 15. With sharp changes in temperature, gardeners need to learn to adapt to new conditions and choose more suitable days.
Many farmers are guided by favorable days for planting winter garlic on the lunar calendar. When the moon is waning, in their opinion, this is the best time to land. Those who follow signs choose the feast day of the Protection of the Holy Virgin. Some settled on the fact that if the weather is warm throughout November, then you can continue planting.
Breeding
The most common way to grow garlic, when the head is divided into separate cloves, and then they are planted.
From winter varieties, seeds can be collected to propagate this crop. When you remove the arrows on the beds leave some of the most beautiful and largest. By the end of summer, each peduncle forms many bulbs. They are removed after final maturation, without waiting for the moment when the upper shell bursts.
Having planted aerial seeds, the next season it will be possible to harvest a crop of garlic sevka. It is a small bulb, from which subsequently grow heads with several teeth.
Preparing planting material
The preparation of garlic for planting is determined by what type of material will be used - cloves, single tooth (seeding, grown from seeds) or bulbs.
Common cloves of garlic. Due to the fact that diseases of cultivated plants are a fairly common occurrence, processing of planting material is a necessity. Whether it is necessary to soak the garlic before planting depends on whether the disinfection was carried out using a suspension. If the teeth were not subjected to such a procedure, then they need to be soaked in a medium dilution manganese solution (pink) for 5-10 hours. Such a preventive measure not only prevents diseases of future seedlings, but also has a healing effect.
To dispense with soaking, planting material can be etched. This procedure takes much less time. How to process garlic before planting in the winter? The selected teeth are placed in a solution of copper sulfate or the suspension “TMTD” intended for this and kept for only 15 minutes.
Aerial onions. Buns obtained from the flower stalk before planting should also be prepared. You need to use those seeds that have been well dried and stored at room temperature, in a dry place. A month before landing, they remove a thin film from them and put them in the refrigerator. If you ignore this event, then the bulbs obtained from air seeds will not have time to make out properly by autumn. Subsequently, heads grown from such material will be deformed and small.
Whether it is necessary to soak the garlic before planting in the form of seeds is a matter of choice. Sevka obtained from them will still need to be selected in order to discard small and damaged odnozubki. For reinsurance, it is possible to disinfect planting material in a solution of wood ash. Very small seeds and those that come up are best discarded immediately.
Garlic sevok. When selecting a tooth, you need to pay attention to their color, especially if they are varieties with a purple hue. You need to choose brighter and larger bulbs in order to maintain the varietal quality of the culture. Sometimes among them come across heads with several teeth. This material is very valuable because very large garlic grows from it.
Now you need to decide what to process the garlic before planting in the winter. In addition to the above methods, garlic seeds can be soaked in salt water (10 tbsp. L salt in a bucket of water). Good results are obtained by treatment with iron sulfate. One tablespoon of this substance is enough for a bucket of water. The permissible time for such disinfection is 15 minutes. In salted water, garlic can be kept for about 3 hours.
Bed
- The first rule for planting garlic is to choose the right spot. The place should be well lit. The size and quality of the head often depends on the state of the green part of the plant. In the shade, the feathers of this crop are usually thin, yellowed and stretch upward.
- It is important to observe crop rotation. Where pumpkin crops, peas, cabbage and greens grew, garlic will grow better. In the old place, and where onions were grown, planting this crop is undesirable.
- The garlic planting bed cannot be arranged in a place where there are spring floods or excessive humidity. Bad choices can lead to a complete loss of crop.
- From the preliminary preparation of the soil, in particular, depends on the planting pattern of garlic in the winter. If additional fertilizers will need to be added to the recesses for teeth just before planting, then they are made deeper. For example, when adding ash, it will need to be mixed a little with the soil, and for this technique more space is needed.
- Garlic loves to grow on light loam. Dolomite powder or lime fluff is necessarily added to acidic soils. No need to make fresh manure, as this will lead to deformation of the fruit.
- Clay soil is enriched with peat and sand, while sandy soil is enriched with a clay mixture. It is not difficult to prepare it: take 2.5 buckets of clay per 100 liters of water and mix well. The site is watered with liquid before digging.
- Before planting, you need to make 30 g of mineral fertilizers (potassium sulfate + superphosphate) per 1 m 2 and sprinkle wood ash.
Some recommendations
The largest heads of garlic should be selected for the seeds, and the best cloves of them should be selected. This principle applies to air seeds as well as bulbs. The peculiarity of this culture is that large garlic will never grow out of a small clove.
When immersed in the ground, planting material must not be pressed in order not to disturb the roots.
If the site is in partial shade, the teeth are planted less often. This will allow the head to form better.
When planted jointly, garlic coexists well with strawberries.
Planting teeth
There is a standard scheme for planting garlic for the winter, which is used by many farmers for a long time. With this method, the intervals between the grooves usually leave no more than 30 cm. If the area is small, then the minimum distance should be 20 cm. The depth of the grooves depends on the structure of the soil. If the soil is loose and well permeable, then the teeth are planted to a depth of 6-7 cm. The top layer of the earth needs to be slightly compacted so that it does not erode. On denser soils, the seed material is deepened by 5 cm.
Observing the depth of planting of garlic in the winter, it is important to take into account weather conditions. In regions with a harsh climate, it is planted deeper and insulated. In most of Russia, where a lot of snow falls, garlic patches can not be covered, as it is well preserved under a natural veil. In such areas, planting is carried out at a depth of about 4 cm. The distance between the cloves of garlic when planting is 9-10 cm.
Many gardeners practice growing this crop on special beds. With this method, there is no need to walk between the rows of plants. High constructions for growing various vegetables, whose width is 80-100 cm, have become very popular. The pattern of planting garlic in the autumn in such a bed will be different. The row spacing is significantly reduced. Seed is planted in a checkerboard pattern, with an interval of 8 cm in a row and between the teeth. The rules regarding depth remain the same.
An additional covering layer should be no more than 2 cm. It is created from peat or humus, and hay or foliage is applied on top.
Spring
As already mentioned, the spring type of garlic does not produce peduncles, so it is planted only with teeth. Unlike winter varieties, it produces less abundant crops. But its plus is that it is better preserved. Even in spring, the heads and cloves of spring garlic have an excellent appearance. Some varieties can be stored for more than a year. Another difference of this species is a large number of teeth. The largest are selected for planting.
Planting work of spring crops begins in April, when the daytime temperature stabilizes and will not be lower than +5 º. Like winter varieties, it is planted according to a certain pattern. Planting garlic is carried out in moist soil. Dig in the grooves and fill them with water. When it is absorbed, evenly distribute the teeth at a distance of 7 cm. They should be deepened so that the top layer of soil covers the planting material by 2 cm.
Planting air seeds
Bulbochek planting is carried out on well-fertilized soil. It is fertilized with humus, compost and a complex of mineral fertilizers.
The pattern of planting garlic in autumn with air seeds differs significantly from the standard. They are sown in long rows, the spaces between which are 9-10 cm, and the interval between the bulbs is 2. The grooves are no deeper than 3-4 cm.
There is a known way to grow garlic from air bulbs. In the first year of planting, the resulting bulbs are not dug up. They are left to grow for the next season and get ready-made heads of this culture. In this case, air seeds must be sown at the same distance as ordinary garlic cloves.
Landing a single tooth
Planting garlic sets gives very good results. Firstly, the seed material is being updated, which must be periodically carried out to preserve the varietal characteristics of the culture. Secondly, very large heads grow out of it. Such garlic does not get sick and is more adapted to weather changes.
Bulbs are planted according to the general rules for planting garlic. They should not be deepened much. If necessary, beds are best covered with mulching material. For them, you can also create a layer of fertile shelter from peat or compost. Before frost, the beds need to be covered with more reliable material, such as dry grass or sunflower husk. A suitable depth of planting garlic for the winter is not more than 3-4 cm.
Conclusion
Garlic is a picky culture. It has long been considered the most persistent of all vegetables. However, to get the maximum yield, you still need to adhere to the planting pattern of garlic and process the planting material. If you plant the two main types of garlic, then an unusually useful plant will be at your fingertips all year round.