Everything has its own time and era, fashion trends in life, art, literature are changing, and only the chivalrous attitude to the lady does not go out of fashion.
Courtly lyrics, meaning the chanting of love, have been living since the time of the troubadours, that is, from the 11th century. And what is Mannerism and courtesan Mannerism, how do these genres of art and literature differ in particular, we will understand in this article.
Mannerism in literature or aesthetics of contrasts
The word "mannerism" comes from Italian, meaning manner. For example, the manner of writing that is characteristic of literary works of this style is distinguished by the sophistication of the syllable, the complex expression of thought through allegories or using grotesque, contrasting comparisons.
Some of the compositions, performed in the manner of Mannerism, were filled with artificially artsy style, therefore it is no coincidence that it is considered an early phase of the Baroque.
Creativity of writers of different times and nationalities combines a craving for mannerism: Shakespeare and Cervantes, Calderon and Montaigne, Dryden, Spond, Du Bartas and others. Talents of different size and importance, united by style, created new genres based on mannerism, such as tragicomedy, poems of an ironic or comic nature.
Multidirectional effect
As already mentioned earlier, the mannerism of Mannerism was contradictory and was distinguished by the force of influence on various aspects of human and public life.
On the one hand, he contributed to the refinement of a refined, refined culture far from real life of the “mob”, and was distinguished by special manners of behavior, thereby anticipating the emergence of a new artsy style in art - “rococo”.
On the other hand, esoteric movements in mannerism contributed to the development of sacred baroque. In addition, through the means of mannerism in art, eroticism began to play with new colors, which reached the most striking development in this style.
Art criticism studies note the existence of a certain echo between postmodern culture and the works of mannerism. There is a certain dependence or program secondary caused by the "cultural baggage" of the predecessors.
Thus, the famous American art critic Jerry Sals singles out a new artistic movement called “neo-Mannerism” in art, which, according to the critic, in the 21st century uses ready-made and vibrant clichés from previous erases in a new way.
Courtyard lyrics
Courtly art arose in the XI-XIII century, and was based on the Code of Knightly Morality with the obligatory cult of the Beautiful Lady.
Characters are divided into good and bad depending on how they relate to the object of love. Because in courtly lyrics, love is always joy, and the absence or inability to love is boredom.
A cult of the Beautiful Lady arises. The place of the juggler, spireman, osprey was taken by another poet, educated, serving at the court of the feudal lord. At this time, there is a reform of the literary language and versification. The poets of this time were called troubadours.
Based on the courteous lyrics, new poetic forms and genre features were honed:
- Canzona is an exquisite poem in form, containing a declaration of love;
- a sirvent is a poetic composition that touches on morality and ethics, reflections on political topics;
- crying - poetry that conveys sadness or loss in connection with the death of a loved one or loved one;
- tenzona is a poem written in the form of dialogue and dispute between various character heroes;
- pastorella describes the love of a knight and a cowgirl against the backdrop of nature;
- Alba (lovers parting in the morning after a secret date is celebrated)
Courtyard Mannerism in Russia
In the late eighties, a poetic group arose in Russia, which was called the Order of the Courtyard Mannerists. Finally, a group of poets took shape on December 22, 1988 and the first edition, published in 1989 under the sign of the Order, was a collection of poems "The Magic Poison of Love"
In the title of the Order, two terms are used, which were discussed above, and poems created in the style of courtesy mannerism were distinguished by their sophistication of form and tough, frank humor, not without a share of cynicism.
Here is an example of what courtyard mannerism looks like in verses by Vadim Stepantsov:
We sailed in an underwater boat
To the North Pole,
And the captain of this boat
I adored with all my heart.
But he didn’t love me for long
He soon dropped me off
To the North Pole is huge
Among the arctic day.
Composition of the Order
At the foundation of the Order of the Courtyard Mannerists, it included:
- The Grand Master is the poet Vadim Stepantsov.
- Alexander Bardodym - Black Grand Connectable.
- The commander is the poet Dmitry Bykov, who left the 1992 Order.
- The Magic Fluid and the Commander-Ordalemeister of the Order - Konstantin Grigoryev (one of the founders of the Moscow rock band "Bakhyt-Kompot".
- The Great Prior of the Order - Andrei Dobrynin, poet, translator, writer.
- The order's arch-cardinal is Victor Pelenyagre, now the author of more than 20 poetry books, known as a songwriter.
Later, Alexander Skiba (Commander-Protector of the Order), poet Alexander Tenishev and writer, journalist, critic Alexander Vulykh were admitted to the Order of courtyard Mannerists.
Program, goals, manifest
The Order, as befits any self-respecting neoplasm in literature or politics, issued a manifesto defining the tasks and goals of courtesy Mannerism in literature.
The authors of the manifesto or a group of poets in the order stated that the notion that life is beautiful is limited to the statement that it is amazing.
This was followed by a short excursion into the history of society, which originally and humorously describes the social background of the emergence of courtly mannerism in Russia.
They declare themselves above the endless war of "frogs and mice", swear to serve beauty, love, refined and sharp word. And they sign, like the patricians of the spirit, the merry knights of the Order.
At that time it was quite bold, fresh and most importantly - frankly. Later (in 1992) the film “Behind the Spray of Diamond Jets” will be shot about the history of Russian poets of the Order of Courtyard Mannerism and what kind of event or step this affects the development of Russian literature.
Followers and fans
The courteous mannerists had many imitators and followers. Many wanted to express themselves unconventionally, with humor, in a word, using techniques that were not accepted in the classical understanding of poetry.
Here is how Konstantin Radzievsky's The Sonnet Without a Purpose is written:
A sonnet without purpose is then written,
To distinguish yourself with a strange trick
And provide training tirelessly
Poetry generating systems.
You sit and bug without problems
Having eaten potatoes with sour cream
Ile just sticking out a little drunk
In the absence of a pen worthy of the topic.
So did the rear workers
At the front, if the cable is interrupted
Cruel Shell Bulde:
Riding pliers in your pocket
But the guy is getting closer to fame
Teeth locking wires.
Achievements courtesy mannerists
The order was distinguished by quite fruitful creative activity. True, at present, its former members are mainly engaged in their own creative growth and the group, as it were, does not unite anything.
Nevertheless, I would like to note the bibliography of the Order as a bright and non-standard campaign in search of new literature. Courtyard mannerism in poetry is represented by such collections:
- Magic Poison of Love: Galant Album. Lyrics: Order of the Courtois. mannerists. - M .: Prometheus, 1989 .-- 95 p. - 5,000 copies. Contents: Poems: A Woman at the Mirror / V. Pelenyagre. “It’s wrong, friend Vadim, zoilas will sing about us ...” / A. Dobrynin; Cycles: Ten beauties; Fireworks and other plays / V. Stepantsov. Cyclops / A. Dobrynin. Pastime / V. Pelenyagre. Fin amor / K. Grigoriev. On further, as last Monday / D. Bykov.
- Princess Dreams favorite buffoon: [Album Galant. lyrics] / Order of the Courtois. mannerists; [Foreword V. Stepantsova, V. Pelenyagre]. - M.: Capital, 1992 .-- 132 p. - 8000 copies. ISBN 5-7055-0905-7: Contents: The Curse of Makeup / V. Stepantsov. Tamer of good / K. Grigoriev. August / D. Bykov. Il Monstro / A. Dobrynin. Dark Emissary / A. Bardodym. Moscow Cameos, or Scenes from Private Life / V. Pelenyagre.
Prisoners of Aphrodite: Album galant. Poetry lyrics “Courtois. mannerism ”/ [Compiled by L. F. Kalinin]. - N. Novgorod: Ventus, 1992 .-- 111 p. - 20,000 copies. ISBN 5-85096-001-5. Contents: Authors: A. Bardodym, V. Stepantsov, A. Dobrynin, V. Pelenyagre, K. Grigoryev.
Red Book of the Marquise: A wreath at the grave of the world. lit .: Order of the Courtois. mannerists: [Sat. poems] / [Afterword F. Bocklerka, p. 247-284; The artist. S. S. Vodchits]. - M .: "Alexander Sevastyanov", 1995. - 303 p .. - 3000 copies. Content: Author: V. Stepantsov, V. Pelenyagre, K. Grigoryev, A. Dobrynin, D. Bykov, A. Bardodym.
Order of the Courtyard Mannerists: Settlement of Eternity: Elect. prose / [Art. E. Klodt]. - M .: “Bookman”, 1996. - 591] p. - 5,000 copies. ISBN 5-7848-0019-1. Contents: Novels: Settlement of Eternity / V. Stepantsov. Nega / K. Grigoriev. Seducing Notes Kitab al-Ittihad, or In search of the pentagram; Selected Letters on Courtyard Mannerism / A. Dobrynin.
The Triumph of Inconsistency: The Order of Courtois. Mannerists: [Collection / Entry. Art. B. Pelenyagre; The artist. Kolpakova N.]. - M .: "Bookman", 1997. - 303 p. - 4000 copies. ISBN 5-7848-0048-5.
Order of the Courtyard Mannerists: [Poems / Ed. Falcon G.F.]. - M .: Mosk. state Museum of V. Siddur, 1997 .-- 16 p.
Clients of Aphrodite, or Rewarded Sensitivity / Order of Courtois. mannerists. - M .: AST-Press, 1999 .-- 335 p. - 3000 copies. ISBN 5-7805-0425-3.
The delights of cyborgs: [Sat. poems] / Order of Courtois. mannerists. - M .: AST-Press, 2001 .-- 399 p. - 3000 copies. ISBN 5-7805-0731-7.
Songs of complex devices: [Sat. poems] / Order of Courtois. mannerists. - M.: Mainland, 2003 .-- 531 p. - 3000 copies. ISBN 5-85646-105-3. Contents author: Vadim Stepantsov, Andrey Dobrynin, Konstantin Grigoryev, Alexander Skiba, Alexander Vulykh.
We can say that poetry, written in this manner, and now attracts the reader.