A wiring diagram has always been needed for construction and repair. It is very difficult to navigate around the house without a wiring diagram, because after a major overhaul, often both pipes and wiring are hidden.
During perestroika, it is also desirable to draw a diagram according to which it would be possible to navigate when performing various works.
What is a wiring diagram?
This is the layout of the installation of communications, starting with heating pipes and ending with the wiring diagram. Fundamentally, wiring diagrams are needed only to clarify and avoid errors even before they occur, and they are almost no different from each other, fulfilling their intended purpose.
It is best to start repairs with a wiring diagram, drawing up all the complex nodes, communications and their intersections.
Particular attention should be paid to the intersection of water and heating pipes, it is very important not to confuse them and lay them so that in case of leakage or damage, you can determine from memory what kind of pipe it is.
In old multi-storey buildings, there is no particular problem with this, the pipes go mostly hidden and exit only at the points of connection to the crane or the battery. Even under the sink, it is often difficult to mix up hot and cold water.
You need to take this as an ideal example when drawing up wiring diagrams.
How to make wiring diagrams?
It is better to start drawing up wiring diagrams before starting repairs and any work coordinated on the electrical and pipelines. In rooms with high humidity it is necessary to carefully isolate all connections, since moisture is unacceptable in the wiring, use sockets with covers and fasten at a distance of at least 50 cm from the moisture source, this should also be mentioned in the diagram.
The wiring diagram is made up of real measurements of objects, if this is an inaccurate diagram, then long identical sections can be cut out on it and the main nodes can be enlarged.
The wiring diagram is best done immediately after repair, at least the distance from the walls, ceiling should be recorded. This is necessary so that when you attach the photo to the wall or other objects, do not get into the wire.
Similarly with hidden water pipes that pass under the tile. Before installing faucets and other equipment, you should study the places of pipe laying so as not to get into them.
What schemes exist?
There is a mounting-technological scheme, it indicates pipes or wiring, which are designers, they set the basic approximate norms without taking into account many factors. This is necessary in order to have a general idea of the pipeline or power transmission.
Such schemes are necessary for the approximate calculation of material, equipment and are not drawn up for a detailed design and implementation, but for a preliminary analysis. If we want to lay a half-meter pipe for the oil pipeline, then we first need to superficially analyze, without taking into account many factors.
Then, in more detail, draw up a diagram where valves, wells, plungers, fencing, signs and many other elements are indicated, without which it is impossible to calculate the required amount of work and the exact task for installers.
What is a working flow chart?
This is a wiring diagram, which, in turn, is carried out by workers, chief engineers, foremen and other people who directly draw up more detailed and detailed diagrams based on local conditions.
They can more accurately indicate the required wire cross-section, diameter, size and material of the pipes, and also on the diagram should be indicated the product that goes through the pipes, with the corresponding marking. Power transmission with the indicated voltage and current strength, the material from which the wiring, support, insulators and other numerous elements are made.
Also on the diagram should be various apparatuses and equipment that is included in the circuit, transformer rooms, more detailed diagrams of many complex units, fittings, supports, walls and other elements that play an important role, affect the length and material, the thickness of the overall system.
Heating circuit
For a private house and apartment, the heating installation diagram may be different. In his house, the circuit is often closed by a heating boiler, which is extremely rare in apartments. It is possible to use an autonomous double-circuit boiler, where hot water is used for both heating and faucets.
In this case, it is very important to either stick special marks on the pipes or paint them in certain colors. You can experiment with them, make an original color, purple or bright green, this will emphasize the interior and the need to mask pipes will disappear, because they will become part of the design masterpiece.
It doesn’t matter what color, the main thing is that you yourself know that green is heating, and the purple pipe is the one that goes into the faucet. This is very useful when the pipe suddenly breaks and you need to urgently shut off the main taps.
Pipeline Installation
The wiring diagram of pipelines for water differs from the heating one in that it is not closed. In the event of a water leak, we will need to shut off only 1 valve, not 2, it is also advisable to mark them with a different color or designations, especially at the nodes where 3 or more pipes are connected.
Two or more pipes running in parallel always caused confusion among installers.
At long distances in the basements and boiler rooms, all pipes running in parallel are necessarily marked or painted in standard colors. At home there is no such need, but it is advisable to adhere to the same tradition and draw the letters G and X on the folds, which means hot and cold.
Also on the installation diagrams, to avoid confusion, the pipes are marked in special colors, blue - cold, red - hot, yellow - gas pipe, gray - with compressed air and so on.
What should be taken into account when drawing up water supply wiring diagrams?
If you made repairs and do not want to accidentally break through a hidden pipe under the tile, then you need to at least write down in a notebook where the pipes pass, at what distance from the wall, the number and sequence relative to each other.
Let's say that the bathroom has at least 4 pipes - cold water, hot and two heating. If all the pipes are hidden, and you want to attach a mount for the shower handle near the radiator or above the mixer, then work without a wiring diagram can end very badly if the pipe is damaged.
Therefore, it is very important to know at least approximately the location of the pipes, plus or minus 5 cm, if there is no diagram. And during the repair must be recorded.
It is best to mark the pipe with different colors of the pipe, it is very important not to miss the distance from the ceiling and walls, so that there is a landmark, pipe material, in case of damage, to know which pipe to buy for the connection, diameter and so on.
The more information you have, the easier the further operation, so you should not spare time on recordings.
What should be considered when installing electrical wiring?
The wiring diagrams of electrical equipment are more complex: it is necessary to indicate in the notebook the main components in the notebook - bags, machines, wiring diagrams. Sign which switch goes to the air conditioner or washing machine, which often require a separate circuit breaker.
Then draw all the wires, their location, write the distance from the ceiling of all hidden wires, often normally about 10 cm to minimize getting into the line. But often the damage still occurs, and in order to repair it, you need to try hard.
To prevent this from happening, everything should be recorded. In a hollow wall made of drywall, the task is simplified, because the wire runs normally with a corrugated shell, which is not as easy to damage with a screw or self-tapping screw as a wire.
It is better to place a non-hidden wire either in a corrugated or a special sheath to protect the wire from possible damage, which is fraught not only with replacement, but also with electric shock from a sloppy person.
In the bathroom, it is better to use wires in a double sheath, with reliable insulation of all elements of the connection, because condensate will necessarily cause a short circuit in inattentive owners.
Wiring diagram for electric starter
Also in a private house, a wiring diagram for connecting a starter, for example, an electric motor on a small machine, is useful. This is necessary when replacing parts to avoid confusion of elements. The diagram should indicate the main parts, including the mount, diameter and material of the wire.
It is necessary that the diagrams also have a section of wires, the distance between the centers of the mounting holes, the main adjacent parts and so on, which can be important when replacing the line, equipment, so that just a thorough review of the diagram is enough and it can be said whether a new element is suitable or not.
If the starter (starter) on the car breaks down, then you can not do without a connection diagram. It is very convenient to use not a simple scheme, but a voluminous one, where the main connection nodes are indicated, which for a beginner without a mentor is the key to success.
The wiring diagram is an integral element for any construction and repair process, without it you cannot build a pipeline into a house, do not neglect this important detail for high-quality repair of any house.