Drainage is so simple that any home craftsman can do it without certain skills and knowledge. The laying of this system is carried out at the design stage of a residential building so that you do not have to dig paths and lawns. To protect the adjacent territory of structures from precipitation and groundwater, one of the existing methods can be used.
Types of drainage
If you decide to carry out drainage, you should first familiarize yourself with the main types of drainage. This system may be of a closed or open type. The first variety includes two device methods: combined and simple. Combined involves the installation of drainage pipes and drainage channels. As for the open method, it is one of the simple and inexpensive options. For its arrangement it is necessary to lay drainage ditches along the perimeter of the territory of the site.
Design guidelines
Drainage work is often done by the owners of suburban and private houses on their own. At the first stage, it is necessary to carry out design, according to which individual elements of the sewage system will be arranged. The distance between the drains will depend on the characteristics of the soil. So, the maximum distance for clay soils is 10 meters. If on the loam site, then this parameter increases to 20 meters. On sandy soils, the distance between drains should be a maximum of 50 meters. If you want to speed up the drainage of the territory, then the drains should be located as close as possible.
Description and principle of operation of the surface drainage system
Drainage can be carried out on the basis of a surface system that protects buildings and soil in the area from excess moisture generated by melting snow and rain. If we are talking about a linear variety of the surface system, then it is a complex of open trays mounted with a slight bias to the point of drawing. The last is a storm well. In order that the appearance of the site was not spoiled, the trays are covered with special plastic or metal grilles. This type of drainage is most often used in places where groundwater is low.
In order for the drainage system of melt and rainwater to work as efficiently as possible, the circuit must assume the presence of special devices called sand traps. Their main function is the retention of small debris by the type of seeds of trees, leaves, as well as pebbles and sand. A point type of the surface drainage system is the water collectors, which are interconnected by underground pipes. In the latter, water enters the sewer well. Such storm water inlets are installed under drainpipes, as well as in low places of the site. Their presence is mandatory under water pipes, which are located on the street.
Description and principle of operation of the deep drainage system
If the groundwater in the area is deep, it is possible to equip a deep drainage system that involves the use of perforated pipes. They are located underground and are called drains. Through holes, water enters them, which reaches the collection point. The work of the drainage pipe allows you to effectively drain the site, extending the life of the buildings, while excluding the washout of the foundation with groundwater. To create a deep drainage system, it is necessary to lay pipes with a slope, which will be directed to the place of water collection. The discharge of fluid can be carried out in a storm sewer well, a storage well or drainage tunnel.
In order to control the functioning of the network, revision wells are included in its composition. Cleaning the system can be done on its own, this is not such a difficult job: the drainage system is freed from debris through the inspection wells. At the same time, a stream of water is pumped into the pipes, the direction of which should be opposite to the usual movement of the liquid.
Specialist advice
Depth-type drainage systems must be located on a site where groundwater is located at a distance of 2.5 meters or less from the surface of the earth. This also applies to clay soils, as well as soils that cope poorly with water filtration. It is also possible to equip a deep drainage system in low-lying areas, it is especially important to make such a system around the perimeter of the house and other buildings, which will eliminate the destructive effect of water on the foundation.
The principle of operation of the surface drainage pump
If you decide to purchase the appropriate equipment for arranging the system, then you should know the principle of the drainage pump. A surface variety of these units is installed at the edge of the drain pit, a hose is lowered to the bottom of the tank through which waste is pumped out. To ensure that the pump operates in automatic mode, a float mechanism is supplied to the switch lever, which is necessary in order to monitor the water level in the pit. As soon as the drains rise above a certain mark, the float will rise with it, including the device.
The drain pump provides for an inlet pipe through which fluid is drawn in from the sewage pit. There is also an outlet pipe in the device, it is discharged outside. Do not allow water to enter the engine, otherwise the apparatus will fail, so the pump must have time to pump the effluents faster than their level rises in the pit.
For reference
The operation of the drainage pump will be effective if the equipment is brought to the sewer system using pipes. For this reason, when installing equipment, you must know the diameter of the sewer pipe to the nearest millimeter. The main advantage of the drainage pumps described above is their mobility, since the device can easily be moved to the desired place, and if a breakdown occurs, repairs are quite easy and quick.
Principle of operation of a submersible drainage pump
Drainage work, the cost of which may seem to some owners of private houses quite high, you can do it yourself. In addition, the system may include a submersible pump, the principle of operation of which is the same as that of equipment with an external arrangement, but the design is somewhat different. The equipment should be lowered into the pit, which is filled with drains, after which the pump itself is sucked in through the hole in the bottom. This part of the unit is protected by a mesh filter, which prevents large particles and stones from entering the pump impeller, which could cause a quick breakdown of the unit after starting work.
The cost of work from specialists
Drainage work, the cost of which is 2900 rubles per linear meter, is carried out today by many organizations. The mentioned amount is requested if the depth of the bookmark elements does not exceed 1.5 meters.