Moscow and its environs are a place with unique architecture. From the viewing platforms overlook the renovated stadiums and modern Moscow City. But of particular value lies in its ancient areas and parks. It is here that every tourist can feel the atmosphere of the majestic city, breathe in the fresh air of park alleys, enjoy the beautiful scenery and relax.
Muscovites with the approach of the weekend seek for summer cottages, those who did not succeed in looking for a quiet place for walking in nature with their family. For these purposes, Moscow city estates are very suitable, where you can take a walk in the open air and learn something new and interesting. The beginning of their appearance dates back to the XV century. Manor is a house surrounded by a park and buildings of economic importance. Moscow estates were often a kind of cultural centers of the capital. After the October Revolution, most of them were sacked. Subsequently, some particularly outstanding were restored and transferred to the status of monuments of architecture or museums. An easy way to find estates on the map is by districts of the Moscow Region (often the names coincide).
Manor Bykovo (Vorontsov-Dashkov)
Main attractions: stunning beauty of the main house, the Hermitage, a church, a park, buildings for servants and household needs. The style of the main house of the Bykovo estate in the Moscow Region and the Hermitage is a free combination of European style and rationalism. The locality got its name due to the fact that cattle were fed and slaughtered on its fields for subsequent transportation to Moscow.
The history of the estate
The first owners of the estate were the nobles of the Vorontsov family. The estate was presented to them by Peter the Great for his faithful service to the Russian State. Later, by decree of Empress Catherine the Great, the house was transferred to the possession of Izmailov. From this moment began the history of the estate, which has survived to this day. Catherine II was not impressed by the decoration of the main house, so the new owners decided to reconstruct it. The famous architect Vasily Bazhenov was involved in the work. There was no actual evidence of the participation of the famous architect in the construction of the building, since Bazhenov fell out of favor and was distracted from all the plans that had been started. The authorship was established by the characteristic style of the buildings and the fact of many years of cooperation between Mikhail Mikhailovich Izmailov (the owner of the estate) and a talented architect.
Three ponds were dug on the estate. Decorative structures were located in the garden and its surroundings: fountains, statues, air theater. Secular meetings were held in the Hermitage, and evenings were held, enjoying the musicians playing.
In memory of his deceased wife, Mikhail Mikhailovich erected a wooden church. It received its name in honor of the icon of the Mother of God of Vladimir. The architect of the building was Matvey Kazakov. It is noteworthy that the facade of the church is decorated with a bas-relief depicting the owners: Mikhail Mikhailovich and his wife Maria Alexandrovna. The construction began in 1783, the church today is a monument of world architecture. It looks elegant and light, in 1830 a bell tower was attached to it.
The main house was reconstructed after a fire in 1812 by the architect Bernard de Simon. The owner of the house was Irina Ivanovna Vorontsova-Dashkova. This lady strove for luxury and dreamed that the estate would surpass in its beauty the estate of the imperial court. De Simon rebuilt the house in the English style, changed the atmosphere and the purpose of the interior. Coats of arms of the Vorontsov and Dashkov family were placed under the eaves on the northern facade. Below are lily flowers and pink buds, in the upper part there are figures of angels and military guns. The inscription in Latin reads: "Family loyalty is unshakable."
Subsequently, during the October Revolution, the estate was looted and a tuberculosis sanatorium was placed in it. Of the additional buildings, only one pavilion has been preserved. Currently, the estate territory is fragmented and is in the department of organizations, none of which assumes responsibility for the preservation and restoration of this unique historical place.
How to get there: from Vykhino metro and Kuzminki metro, 424 bus, Temple stop. By train from the Kazan station, the station is "Udelnaya", then by buses 39 or 23 to the stop "Temple". By car: Ryazan highway, turn 8 km to Bykovo, go to Zhukovsky and Bykovo, then go directly to Bykovo and at the traffic light between Bykovo and Zhukovsky, turn right, then turn right again onto ul. Highway and drive along it directly to the temple.
Manor Zakharovo (Moscow estate of Pushkin)
Location - Odintsovo district. Another name is the Moscow estate of Pushkin. The first owner of land ownership was the boyar Kamyshin. He received these lands as a gift for good service at the beginning of the XVII century. Later, the owners changed several times. After some time, Maria Hannibal became the mistress of the estate. She was the grandmother of Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin, a genius of Russian literature. By the time the estate was acquired, she no longer lived with her husband and devoted free time to her grandchildren. Maria Alekseevna instilled in Pushkin a love of the Russian language, because the poet wrote the first poems in French. The poet’s grandmother spoke pure Russian, many contemporaries noted the beauty and richness of the speech of Maria Alekseevna. This fact had an impact on the work of the future writer.
Pushkin himself was very fond of the estate, from the age of six he spent every summer here. The poet’s favorite place was an old shop under a tree near a reservoir. There, the future great poet and writer first became acquainted with his native literature, legends and epics.
I see my village
My Zakharovo; it
With fences in the wavy river
With a bridge and a shady grove
Mirror of water reflected ...
These lines are a dedication to the estate.
She was sold when the young poet turned twelve years old and it was time to leave, get an education.
Now visitors have the opportunity to walk along those very alleys, breathe air, sit under the linden trees by the pond, like Pushkin once.
The estate belongs to the state and acquired the status of a museum-reserve to them. A.S. Pushkin. It hosts literary and musical meetings, poetry evenings. The Pushkin Festival is held annually. There are three museums in the park: a palace and two outbuildings. Their construction dates back to the 18th century. The Transfiguration Church is also noteworthy , its appearance dates from the end of the 16th century. The main house is an exact copy of the house where Alexander Sergeyevich spent his childhood. The original to our time, unfortunately, has not been preserved.
How to get there: by train from the Belorussky railway station to the station. Zakharovo or to the station. Golitsyno, then take bus 22, 65 or minibus 22 to the stop Zakharovo.
By car: 44th km. Mozhaisk highway, turn to Zvenigorod, 2 km to Zakharovo.
Manor of the Goncharovs (Yaropolets)
This manor is located near the city of Volokolamsk. The village where its territory is spread has an ancient name - Yaropolets. The estate is a unique architectural monument. The palace and park ensemble consists of two estates, a park, a beautiful church, monuments and museums.
Initially, the estate belonged to Petro Doroshenko, the hetman of Ukraine. Later, the territory was divided into two parts, most of which were sold to Count Chernyshev. The rest was inherited by the descendants of the hetman. One of these descendants was the mother-in-law of the genius poet Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin - Natalia Ivanovna Goncharova.
The poet himself visited the estate of the Goncharovs Yaropolets in the Moscow region twice. Natalia Goncharova, Pushkin's wife, came to her mother to stay with the children. The Goncharovs owned the estate for several more generations. During the revolution, Elena Borisovna Goncharova obtained a letter of protection for the estate. The area was given the status of a museum reserve, property, a house and all the buildings on the territory were then saved. But not for long. In 1924, the estate was ruined, under the pretext of a lack of places, the museum was closed and given to a boarding school. Local residents stole some buildings on bricks.
Today the estate was restored and transferred to the Moscow Aviation Institute. The room where Alexander Sergeyevich lived was restored from photographs; the estate celebrates the birthdays of Pushkin and Natalya Goncharova, literary and musical evenings. In 1994, the film "Young Lady Peasant" was shot on the estate.
How to get there: from Riga station by train to Volokolamsk, then by bus 28 to Yaropoltsa.
Estate Ostankino
In the middle of the XVI century the area was called Ostashkovo, and from 1584 belonged to the clerk Vasily Shchelkalov. The Moscow museum-estate of Ostankino gained fame during its tenure by the Sheremetev family from 1743 to 1917.
Historical facts
The famous theater appeared in the Moscow estate of Ostankino thanks to Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev. He decided to embody the idea of creating an art center in his possessions. He created a unique library, a theater, which had no equal at that time, and an art gallery. The theater building was built of wood and, thanks to the shape of a horseshoe, had excellent acoustics. On the stage of the theater, the famous serf actress of the late 18th century Praskovya Zhemchugova performed, later she will become the wife of Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev. The art gallery contains a collection of works by famous artists of the 18th-19th centuries.
The building itself was built of wood, all the details of the decor were also wooden. At the same time, the work was so skillfully performed that outwardly they looked created from expensive metals and stones. Interior items in the house, such as chandeliers, chairs, etc., were created specifically for the Ostankino estate on an individual order. Holidays were arranged at the estate, on the stage of the theater were staged productions of Russian and foreign authors. The decoration of the theater is preserved, and there are performances and operas, music of that time sounds.
At the beginning of the XIX century, with the departure of the Sheremetev family from Russia, the estate passed into the possession of the state, a Moscow museum-estate Ostankino was created. The architectural ensemble of the estate consists of a palace, a church of the Holy Trinity, a front yard and a park. All elements are monuments of architecture and objects of cultural heritage. There are exhibitions on the territory, regularly hosts the Sheremetyevo Seasons music festival.
How to get there: metro station "VDNH", then take the tram 11 or 17 to the final stop "Ostankino". From M. "Alekseevskaya" on a trolleybus 9 or 37 to the stop "Street Queen".
Manor Orlovskaya (Joy)
Located in the Stupino district. This place became famous thanks to the owner - Vladimir Grigorievich Orlov. He was the youngest of the brothers, an associate of Catherine the Great. Vladimir was known as a calm person, keen on cultural life, knowledgeable in sciences and loving solitude. After the death of his parents, he was brought up by brothers, received education abroad. At 23, thanks to a lively mind and progressive views, Vladimir Grigoryevich receives the position of Assistant to the President of the Academy of Sciences Kirill Razumovsky. Later, due to health reasons, Orlov had to leave the Russian Empire again. During the trip, he made acquaintance with cultural and scientific world celebrities and, until the last days, corresponded with some of them.
Vladimir Grigoryevich called the estate - Joy. He called it only "my castle."
The main palace was built in the English style, the decoration of the house was devoid of excessive luxury. Strictness and asceticism distinguished the estate. Vladimir Grigoryevich arranged social events here, musical evenings. The house was visited by famous writers, great minds of that time.
The master's house of the Oryol estate in the Moscow region was surrounded by a wonderful garden. Vladimir Grigoryevich ordered to bring deer into it, so that even the garden resembled the estates of English lords. Fruit-bearing trees grew in the garden: apricots, plums and pineapples, rare for that time.
The manor was framed by a carved fence; at the front entrance, statues of lions rose on the columns (later, at the beginning of the 20th century, the statues disappeared without a trace). Above the gate of the main entrance and at the main entrance of the palace were placed the coats of arms of the Orlovs' house - images of two eagles and two lions. Vladimir Grigorievich also had his own serf theater, in which performances were regularly given. Invitations were sent to the most famous neighboring families. As in all estates, the Oryol estate has its own temple - the church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. When Count Vladimir Grigoryevich passed away, a family crypt was created on the estate's territory - the Assumption Church-Tomb.
Now the building of the Oryol estate of the Moscow region is in a dilapidated condition. The territory is given to the FSB sanatorium. The sanatorium itself was built as a separate building, and no one takes care of the old manor, and access to it is problematic. Only the church is available for visiting.
How to get there: by train from the Paveletsky station to the station. "Mikhnevo", then by bus to the stop. "Sanatorium FSB".
By car: on the A108 highway. Stupinsky district, the village of Semenovskoye.
Golitsyn Manor (Big Vyazemy)
Located near Zvenigorod in the village of Big Vyazemy. The Golitsins were neighbors with A.S. grandmother Pushkin, the poet often stayed with them on the estate, studied a rich library. On the territory of the Golitsyno estate in the Moscow region, near the church, there is a burial place for a boy who died six years old. The boy’s name was Nikolai Pushkin - he was the brother of the mother of the brilliant poet.
The history of the estate can be traced from the time when the lands were granted to Boris Godunov. He laid the foundation for the construction of a temple in Greater Vyazemy. Unique 16th-century murals have survived to the present.
The master’s tower was erected (at that time it was built from a wooden log house), farm buildings, a fair. The construction of the monastery began. Until now, only the remains of the fortress wall have been preserved.
In the middle of the XVII century, the lands passed into the possession of the courtier of the Golitsyn family, the educator of Peter the Great. Boris Alekseevich and his descendants ran the estate before the 1917 revolution. Nikolai Mikhailovich, the great-grandson of Golitsyn, made the greatest contribution to the arrangement and external decoration of the main house and park. Two outbuildings were built, one was used as a kitchen, and the other was a servant. A large spacious master's house was also built, a park with three avenues and ponds was laid out. Plums, cherries and apricots are planted in the greenhouse. Nikolai Mikhailovich began to collect the famous Golitsyn library, had a penchant for collecting. The house collected a lot of antique home furnishings, amazingly beautiful china.
Later, the estate passed to his brother, whose wife was the famous socialite, beloved maid of honor of Catherine the Great - Natalya Petrovna Golitsyna. This woman in her youth was unusually beautiful, she was very proud of her marriage and considered the surname of Golitsyna the oldest in the Russian Empire. Pushkin had an acquaintance with one of Natalya Petrovna’s great-nephews, who told him a combination of cards that supposedly allowed him to always win. This secret was revealed to him by Princess Golitsyna. So the idea of the novel “Queen of Spades” came to Alexander Sergeyevich. Natalya Petrovna became her prototype.
An interesting fact: in the Patriotic War of 1812, Field Marshal Kutuzov and Emperor Napoleon arrived at the estate alternately. In this regard, the estate was almost not damaged during the war. The estate has a commemorative sign dedicated to these events.
In 1917, like most people of the nobility, the owners left the estate. It made a boarding school, during the war years the infirmary. The unique collection of print media is fragmented, and the books have been sent to the libraries of Moscow and Zvenigorod. Rare copies of household items, collections of paintings, furniture were taken to museums. Later, in the post-war period, various kinds of educational institutions were located in the main house. The territory of the estate Golitsyno of the Moscow region is a museum.
How to get there: by train from the Belorussky railway station to the station. "Golitsyno", then the bus 38, 50, minibus 38.79, 1055 to the stop "Institute". Or walk 20 minutes.
By car: 44th km of the Mozhaisk highway.
Manor Voskresenskoye
Location - Leninsky district of the Moscow region. Currently, from the former splendor there were only memories, only an abandoned park was preserved. In the XVIII century, the estate belonged to the famous noble family Bestuzhevs. Representatives of this dynasty sought to preserve their condition, but were not interested in village life. The heads of the families were engaged in foreign policy, therefore they were often absent from the Russian Empire, they were engaged in secular life purely in the interests of the state, and receptions and receptions in their house were rare. At the beginning of the 19th century, the estate was sold to Alexander Vasilievich Sukhovo-Kobylin, the grandfather of a famous playwright and philosopher.
Since 1910, the estate was at the disposal of Nikolai Karlovich von Mecca. He served as Chairman of the Board of the Moscow-Ryazan Railway. As an active person, Nikolai Karlovich proceeded to the reconstruction of the estate with all the zeal. The estate has become a modern architectural ensemble. Wooden buildings were replaced by brick ones, water supply and electricity were installed. On the territory there were buildings for household purposes, horses and cattle were bred.
Now the estate of Voskresenskoye, Moscow Region, is irretrievably lost. Only the abandoned park has survived.
Finally
The land of Moscow is full of beautiful places, and they would be even more remarkable if the 1917 revolution had not passed through them. Unfortunately, most of the noble nests were ravaged, interior items, unique collections, furnishings, and even fragments of decoration were stolen or destroyed. In addition to those described in the article, there are many more remarkable places in Moscow and the region, for example, the estates of the Pushkin district of the Moscow region, the popular ones are Arkhangelsk and Tsaritsyno. Perhaps in the future it will be possible to restore at least the external decoration of the preserved palaces. While we can observe how the most famous Moscow estates looked, according to the photos that have survived to this day. Nevertheless, we have the opportunity to touch history, to breathe the air of time. And on a nice day off, you can get out with your family to the Moscow region and visit famous places.