Due to its specificity, many schemes and drawings are found in the technical industry. A competent engineer should not only confidently read these schemes, but also be able to draw them up. Since there are a lot of areas in technology, each structure has its own nuances, it was decided to standardize the principles of construction of drawings and diagrams.
For simplified compilation and reading of drawings, the state standard summarized all the elements and devices in the document under the number GOST 21.614 and GOST 21.608. It also describes the rules for the application of conditional-graphic images in the drawing, including the designation of a socket in the diagram.
Causes of OSG
The abbreviation OUG stands for conventional graphic designation. Due to the fact that the drawing is an official document, it must be drawn up correctly. If everything is done as it should, then this will allow you to accurately interpret the contents of the drawing. If such rules did not exist, many controversial issues would arise in the manufacture of the part or the construction of the structure.
At a time when drawings were drawn by hand, engineers tried their best to simplify the drawing process. This allowed for a short time to produce design and survey documentation. In modern construction, special software systems have been used for a long time to perform drawings. They greatly simplify the lives of designers, but OAGs still remain relevant. In electrical engineering, all drawings for 95% consist of only conditional-graphic images.
The drawing has many elements, especially with regard to construction drawings. The scale of the outline of the premises is accepted from one hundredth to five hundredth. This means that the area of ββthe premises can be reduced one hundred or five hundred times.
At a hundredth scale, one centimeter on a piece of paper is equivalent to one meter in reality. Sometimes designers need to fit many elements onto a small piece of paper. To solve this problem, use OAG. This allows you to arrange multilevel electrical elements on a flat format.
Designation of the socket in the diagram
In the construction of a house or industrial building can not do without the installation of electrical devices or appliances. In order to understand where to place this or that device, the builder draws attention to the designation of the outlet on the electrical diagram.
The design of the Electrical Equipment section involves the preparation of all necessary drawings. The main set of drawings for the construction of a particular floor or room includes several types of documentation. The first is a single-line switchgear circuit - it displays all consumers depicted by conventional signs, the next is a plan for their placement in the room. The following is the specification.
In civil engineering, a significant part of conditionally graphic elements are electrical outlets. The socket allows you to deliver electrical energy from the power plant or substation to the end user.
Everyone knows that the outlet is located on the wall. In the modern world, almost all devices operate on electric energy from a 220 volt network. Consequently, in apartments or offices their number is rarely less than two.
Types of designation of sockets on the plans
Like electrical equipment, sockets come in various types and designs. Therefore, the designation of the socket in the diagram must be performed in various ways. Consider the main types of outlets:
- bipolar - these are ordinary 220 volt sockets that are installed in apartments;
- three-pole - the same two-pole sockets, but with an additional grounding conductor, they are a modern European standard;
- four-pole - the old standard used at a voltage level of 380 volts; such sockets are mainly found in industry (if necessary, to connect a three-phase low-power motor );
- five-pole are used for special connections of industrial equipment.
Types of sockets by installation method
In addition to the specific performance, sockets are distinguished by the installation method:
- with hidden installation (integrated into the wall);
- with an open installation (have their own housing, which is attached to the bearing surface);
- with outdoor installation (have a protective housing with high dust and moisture protection, designed for outdoor installation).
In the European system for marking electrical equipment, depending on the degree of protection against dust and moisture, two Latin letters IP and a two-digit number are used. The first digit means protection against penetration of third-party objects, the second - from moisture. There are values ββfrom 0 to 9, the larger the number, the better the protection.
Designation of sockets on the GOST scheme
The norms clearly indicate the symbol for the outlet in the diagram. The socket in general is depicted as a semicircle with a line extending upward from the circle. A dash indicates the type of outlet. One means that the socket is bipolar, two parallel lines - respectively, bipolar dual.
The three features, arranged in a fan pattern, imply that the outlet is three-pole. If there is contact with the connected protective conductor, a flat line is drawn parallel to the center of the semicircle, this is true for all outlets of an open installation.
The designation of sockets, switches on the circuits for hidden installation is as follows: in the center of the semicircle, another line is drawn. It is directed from the center to the dash, which indicates the number of poles of the outlet. Often, such a socket is simply walled into the wall. It has a small degree of protection, but due to the fact that all exposed conductive parts are hidden in the wall, it is completely safe.
There is also a designation of sockets, switches on circuits with a shaded semicircle in black. This means that we have a socket with an increased IP value. This allows you to install it outdoors, for example on the street.
Where can I find the symbol for different types of outlets?
Regulates the designation of sockets on the GOST scheme. It indicates the exact dimensions and type of the graphic designation.