A popular material used in the construction of structures is timber. It is obtained after machining a whole log, which is subjected to cutting and sawing from all sides. It can be of various lengths, starting from 4000 mm and ending with 6000 mm. In this article we will answer the question: “Bar: what is it?” - and also consider its main types and uses.
Use of timber
The building beam is used in the construction of cottages, cottages, houses, for the decoration of the premises, in the manufacture of furniture, ships, containers. It is a durable and durable material that is also environmentally friendly. The pluses include the fact that the material is aesthetically beautiful.
The timber 100x100 and 150x150 mm is in great demand. The relatively small cross-section of this lumber allows us to guarantee a sufficiently high quality of structures.
A beam of 100x100 mm is used in frame construction. It is also good as a wall material for wooden houses.
Simple wooden beam
What is a wooden beam? It is obtained by filing with subsequent four-sided scraping. It attracts builders with its lower cost in comparison with other types of timber. The disadvantage is its insufficiently attractive appearance, which requires external decoration of the structure. In addition, due to the lack of a thermal lock, the erected walls of this material require additional insulation.
For the manufacture of this material uses a pine log. Slightly less often the production of timber is carried out from spruce, larch, oak or chestnut. This material is easy to finish and lends itself to sharpness.
Classification
A simple wooden beam is divided into two types:
- Gray calibrated. Raw wood is taken for its manufacture. Due to the fact that there is an error in the size of the profile, it needs further processing.
- Calibrated dry timber. For production, dry wood is taken. There is no need for its adjustment, since its dimensions do not change subsequently.
Application area
Most often, such material is in demand during the installation of internal walls during construction, for the construction of stairs and railings, during the installation of temporary fences. It is used during the formwork device, battens. For finishing, only dry calibrated timber can be used .
Profiled beam
The production process is based on the fact that the wood is subjected to special processing, which results in a certain standard profile. On the finished product there are landing bowls, vertical cuts, with the help of which one beam is held on another. In addition, they prevent horizontal cracking of the material after it dries. On the finished product there are still insulation grooves and spikes. They contribute to the compression of the inter-crown heater. To obtain this beam, pine, cedar, larch are used.
Advantages and disadvantages
The low price of such material is its main advantage. It has a fairly high performance. The construction of structures from it is carried out quickly and easily. There is no need to caulk the building with insulation. The profile prevents moisture from entering between the logs during the rainfall period. This protects the material from premature decay.
The construction of this material has the ability to "breathe", since during its construction glue and other chemical elements are not used, it does not need to use finishing materials.
The disadvantage is deformation and shrinkage due to insufficient drying. Because of this, the start of finishing work should be postponed for about 12 months. Such a period of time is necessary for the complete drying of the material. This type of timber has been widely used in the construction of houses and commercial structures. So, with the question: “Profiled timber - what is it?” - we figured it out.
Box timber
The production of timber consists in splicing two, equal in length, arrays. Interior doors, windows and window openings are made from it. The main material used in the production is pine.
The grade of the finished product is determined by the number of resin pockets, the length of which should not exceed 15 mm, and the width - 1 mm. On a quality product there should be no more than three. The elite variety is determined by the absence of knots and wormholes.
Glued beam
Glued beam - what is it? This is a material obtained by gluing several layers of carefully dried wood, which was subsequently profiled. The exact profile allows for a tight connection of the bars to each other. Strength of this material is ensured by layers of glued fibers placed in opposite directions. Thanks to the glue line, the material has increased moisture resistance.
Advantages and disadvantages
As mentioned above, this material has high moisture resistance. It has the strength and durability. It does not crack or warp, and the material does not dry out, which helps prevent shrinkage of the finished building. This makes it possible to begin the start of finishing work immediately after the construction of the building.
The construction of this material is endowed with soundproofing and heat-insulating properties. Appearance is very aesthetic, emphasizing the beauty of the texture of the tree. It does not require external decoration, with the exception of processing using protective and decorative composition.
The only drawback that glued beams have is the price.
Application
It is in great demand in the construction of permanent housing, cottages, cottages. Glued timber, the price of which is from 19,000 per cubic meter, is used for the manufacture of many carpentry. Bearing wooden structures are mounted from it.
Production stages
For the manufacture of this material uses pine, spruce. Slightly less popular are cedar and larch. The production process of glued beams consists of several stages.
The beginning of the process is sawing wood and its drying. Timber is sawn on boards having certain parameters, after which they are dried. The resulting material is calibrated, after which visual inspection is carried out , in most cases using a computer. But it can be carried out by a production worker visually. The material on which the marriage is detected is removed.
The remaining material is treated with antiseptic substances, which gives it characteristics such as fire resistance and resistance to external influences. Then the lamellas are planed, glued and pressed. Bonding is carried out with waterproof glue, which allows the wood to “breathe”, then the bag of lamellas is pressed. Further, the product is subjected to profiling or cylindering. Finished material goes to warehouses for sale.
So, planed, profiled and glued beams are construction materials indispensable for the construction of high-quality buildings.