In the history of domestic cinema, the name - Evgeny Gabrilovich is forever inscribed. The writer's personal life and biography are gradually being forgotten today. His contemporaries leave, films lose relevance and are most often reviewed only by specialists. Meanwhile, Gabrilovich is an entire era. His life and work are not only an example of great talent, but also an illustration of the history of the country.
Childhood and family
Gabrielovich Yevgeny was born on September 29, 1899 in a traditional family of Russian Jews in Voronezh. The boy's father was a pharmacist, his mother was engaged in household chores. Eugene spent the early years in Voronezh. Times were not easy, revolutionary ideas were ripening everywhere, the Jewish people became uncomfortable in the outback. However, the Gabrilovichi held steady. As a child, Eugene, as is customary in such families, was taught music; for several years he persistently mastered playing the piano. First, the boy was given a home education, and then sent to a real school. But Evgeny Gabrilovich did not have time to finish his studies there: the family moved to Moscow, hoping to find a better life there. Here the boy was sent to study at a private gymnasium, which he quite successfully graduated from. And he entered the law faculty of Moscow University. But revolutionary studies in the country prevented graduation.
Music
In the early 1920s, Evgeny Gabrilovich recalled what he was taught at a music school, and went to work as a taper. Then he learned to play fashionable foxtrot on the piano and earned extra money while dancing. Here he was found by Valentin Parnakh - the first jazzman in Russian open spaces. He invited Eugene to his jazz orchestra. On October 1, 1922, the first concert of the new group took place, now Russian jazz celebrates its birth on this day. Moscow bohemia gathered for the third performance of the orchestra at the State Institute of Theater Arts, including V.E. Meyerhold, who was completely fascinated by the new music and immediately offered jazz bands for his performance. After some time, in the famous performances of Meyerholdâs studio âD.E.â and âThe Magnanimous Cuckoldâ began to play an orchestra conducted by V. Parnakh, which also included young Gabrielovich. The 20s of the 20th century were a time of rapid development of art and various creative experiments. Each representative of the creative intelligentsia felt talented in various types of art, all were musicians, poets, artists.
Beginning of a writing career
Gabrielovich Eugene also decided to try himself in a new field - in the literary. He begins his writing career with prose and journalism. At first, he tried himself in the genre of parodies, which he wrote with Alexander Arkhangelsky. Gabrilovich joins the ranks of the Literary Center of the Constructivists. In 1921, the first story of Eugene âAATâ was published in the collective edition âExpressionistsâ. Also, young Gabrilovich was a member of the literary community "Moscow Parnas", he took part in the publication of two collections of this group. In 1922, in collaboration with B. Lapin, Gabrilovich published the book The Lightning Man, and a year later, the joint book Island of Friendship, together with G. Guzner. By the beginning of the 30s, Gabrilovich had already become a notable prose writer and journalist; in 1931 he published his first independent book. In 1934, he became a member of the Writers' Union. In the same year, Eugene was part of a team of writers who went on a creative business trip to build the White Sea-Baltic Canal. Based on the results of the trip, a collective book was published, in the creation of which Gabrielovich also took part.
New calling
Two good reasons led to the fact that Gabrilovich Evgeny Iosifovich switched his creative attention to work in the cinema. The first is romantic: there was a sound movie that opened up great opportunities for the authors. Eugene was passionately passionate about cinema and saw the future behind him. The second is practical: literary work brought almost no income, and Gabrielovich needed livelihoods, he hoped to earn them in the cinema. The first two scenarios temporarily destroyed the writer's hopes, the film studio did not accept them, and Eugene temporarily postponed the idea of ââbecoming a professional filmmaker. He took up journalism, but his thoughts on cinema did not leave him.
One day, on the instructions of the newspaper, he went to Odessa, where he saw a girl in thick-soled shoes, with a large briefcase, which she was clinging to herself and was very anxious about something. This image did not go from the head of Gabrilovich. Upon his return to Moscow, he told his idea to Yu. Raizman, and together they set to writing the script. As a result, in 1936, the film "Last Night" was released, which was a success, and the creative tandem of Raizman - Gabrilovich appeared, which lasted for many years. The second film of the duet âMashenkaâ was born for a long time, it was a real creative breakthrough in the field of chamber cinema. Criticism met him awkwardly, but I. Stalin liked him.
Years of war
Evgeny Gabrilovich was full of creative plans, which had to be postponed in connection with the outbreak of World War II. Gabrielovich went through the war as a war correspondent. He was in the hottest battles and wrote about everything he saw for the Soviet newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda. In 1943, the film "Mashenka" received the Stalin Prize. Gabrilovich transfers it to the Defense Fund, for which he receives personal thanks from I.V. Stalin. During the war, Eugene takes part in the films âOur Heartâ, together with M. Romm, works on the film âMan No. 217â. Back in 1942, before being sent to the front, he wrote the script for the film âTwo Fightersâ, upon returning from the battlefields, he learned that the tape was a real hit.
Writer Way
At the end of the war, Evgeny Gabrilovich returns to writing scripts. Together with Rayzman, they continued their search in the field of chamber cinema. The real masterpiece of Soviet cinema was the 1957 film "Communist." An important role in the life of the scriptwriter was played by Leninian, Gabrilovich became the first screenwriter who was interested not just in the leader, but in man. Gabrilovich Evgeny Iosifovich wrote 4 scripts for films about Lenin.
But in his creative piggy bank there are not only films on the theme of the party. The tape "There is no ford in the fire" became one of the first pictures about the life of an individual person, as a feat. In the 60s and 70s, Gabrilovich wrote a lot about the new hero, so the paintings âMonologueâ, âStrange Womanâ, âRepeated Weddingâ appear.
Creative heritage
Gabrielovich's scripted legacy is about 30 films. Among them there are such undoubted successes as the tapes âBeginningâ, âThe Long Road to Yourselfâ, âTwo Fightersâ. He had a chance to work with such outstanding directors as G. Panfilov, I. Averbakh, M. Romm, Yu. Raizman. In the last years of his life, Evgeny Iosifovich Gabrilovich, whose personal life ended with the death of his wife in 1973, began to depart from publicity and again returned to writing prose. He moved to Matveyevskoye, the home of movie veterans, where he focused on thinking about his life and writing prose. His memoirs and reasoning were included in two volumes: âOwn, but not at allâ âandâ The Last Book â.
Educational activities
Since 1962, Evgeny Gabrilovich, whose biography was associated with cinema, begins to work at VGIK. He worked at the screenwriting faculty, participated in the selection of applicants. Gabrilovich always tried to help students find their way into art. He believed that he did not go his own way, because he wanted to be a prose writer, and sought to protect young people from the same mistake.
Personal life
All his life, Evgeny Iosifovich Gabrilovich, whose wife was a friend, assistant, critic, lived in the same marriage. With Nina Yakovlevna, they got married in the mid-20s and lived together for almost half a century. She believed that Eugene was vainly interested in cinema and stopped writing prose. The couple had two sons: Yuri and Alex. But the eldest son died at age 14. Alexei became, like his father, a screenwriter. Gabrilovich Evgeny Iosifovich, whose family was the support and the rear, always carefully monitored the work of his son, but tried not to criticize or interfere in his life.
Eugene Iosifovich died on December 5, 1993.