These apple trees are popular in temperate latitudes, in the middle lane of our country. The Moscow apple variety is later winter-hardy, does not cause problems in care, and is distinguished by the duration of storage. The tree is resistant to the main disease of all apple trees - scab.
Moscow later - an apple tree, a description of which became available to gardeners in 1961. The variety belongs to the selection of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov. It was obtained by crossing two well-known varieties - the Northern signal and Brown new. Its author was S.I. Isaev. In 2001, it was zoned.
Apple-tree of Moscow later: variety description
This is a representative of late (winter) ripening varieties. The first fruits can be harvested at the very end of September or in the early days of October. They are distinguished by surprisingly good keeping quality. With proper care, they remain in excellent condition until the next year's harvest. It is recommended to store them in basements and cellars, at temperatures from +2 to +6 ° C. Sudden temperature changes must be avoided.
Late Moscow apple tree is pollinated. Its pollinators are the following varieties:
- The Knight.
- Synap.
- Oryol.
- Bogatyr.
- Moscow winter.
Today the late Moscow apple tree is widespread in the Central region, in neighboring regions. With success, this variety is grown in Belarus, Ukraine.
Tree
Moscow later - an apple tree, the photo of which we posted in this article, refers to tall trees. At a young age, the crown is widely pyramidal, but with age it changes to broadly oval. Leaves on the branches are rather rare. The bark of the trunk and main branches are painted in greenish-gray. Skeletal branches are characteristically located in an oblique-vertical position.
Branches
Shoots are rounded in cross section, straight, with a strong pubescence, are painted in brown. Lentils are slightly convex, on the shoots are quite common. The internodes are short.
Leaves
Large, ovoid or elliptical. The edges have serrate-jagged serration, the tips are pointed. Petioles are short, evenly colored along the entire length.
Fruit Description
Fruits of the late Moscow apple tree, description, photos of which can be seen in all gardening guides, medium or large in size. One apple weighs an average of one hundred 65 grams, but often the fruit mass reaches 210-235 grams. They have a aligned regular rounded conical shape and a smooth surface.
By the time of removable ripeness, the fruits are painted in greenish-yellow color, the integumentary color is rather weak - a delicate pink blush is located on the sunny side. At consumer maturity, apples are covered with a golden yellow peel. The subcutaneous points are hardly distinguishable: they are small, painted in greenish color.
The stalks are medium-sized, straight, short. The funnel is medium in width and depth. The saucer is of medium depth and quite wide. The calyx tube is short in shape, wide funnel-shaped with slightly open seed chambers. Seeds are medium in size, having a rounded shape, painted brown.
Taste qualities
The Apple-tree of Moscow later (description, photo, reviews of gardeners allow us to say this) gives fruit with an exquisite taste. The flesh of apples is white, with a fine-grained texture, dense, very juicy, with a light pleasant aroma and a delicate sweet and sour taste, a little spicy.
Chemical composition
The fruits of the late Moscow apple tree contain:
- sugar - 9.29%;
- titratable acids - 0.94%, but limits from 0.70 to 0.97% are allowed;
- tannins - 55 mg / 100 g (acceptable limits are from 41 to 67 mg / 100 g);
- ascorbic acid - 8.8 mg per 100 g;
- P-active substances - 0.15 mg per 100 g;
- pectin substances - 8.7% by dry weight.
The fruits of the late Moscow apple tree are universal. They are used both fresh and after cooking.
Productivity
It is interesting that initially it was assumed that the Moscow apple tree later (photo you can see below) begins to bear fruit in the tenth year - during this period it gives the first fruits. However, later it turned out that the seedlings bear fruit much faster - already in the sixth, seventh year. This usually happens with seedlings obtained through reproduction.
The average yield is - 160 kilograms per tree or 110 centners per hectare.
Planting seedlings
When choosing a seedling, it is necessary to pay special attention to the condition of the trunk of a young tree. If it is very curved, then it is likely that the root system is damaged, so you should not buy such a seedling. It is likely that he will not accept or will grow deformed, which, no doubt, will affect the quality and quantity of the crop.
After acquiring a seedling, it must be shortened to 80 centimeters if it exceeds these parameters. If the roots are shorter than 40 centimeters, the tree is cut even more, because the small roots will not provide the crown with sufficient moisture and nutrients.
Before planting, well spread the roots of the seedling, remove all damaged parts, be sure to disinfect the place of cut with a garden var. If the roots of the tree are too dry, soak the seedling in water at night, in which case the plant will take root more quickly and better.
Late Moscow apple tree needs a good drainage layer. Dig a landing hole measuring 70x70x70 cm, put drainage on the bottom. Expanded clay, broken brick, pebbles are usually used as it. The soil for planting must be divided for two layers: upper and lower. At the bottom, on top of the drainage, lay the mixture of the top layer and nutritional supplements. They can be compost, humus. Manure in the garden hole is not recommended.
Top add the topsoil without impurities. This is necessary so that the roots of a young tree do not come into contact with fertilizers. This can cause a root burn. A mixture of soil and fertilizer should form a small mound, on which the seedling is placed. Near it, it is necessary to drive a peg to which a tree is tied so that the trunk does not deform under the weight of the crown. After planting, the tree is watered with two or three buckets of water.
Care
Watering is one of the most important factors in caring for Moscow late. Trees need abundant systematic irrigation. This is especially important during flowering and dry years. Plant a turf or a clover carpet next to a tree to help maintain the proper moisture concentration.
For Moscow late, pruning is very important. It stimulates the realization of the vital forces of a tree. For this reason, the next year after landing, proceed to the artificial formation of the crown. Sprouts and young shoots growing inside the crown or branches that develop at an acute angle are shortened.
If the seedling bloomed in the first years of life, before reaching its sixth birthday, the flowers must be pruned. In addition, in the spring, all broken, rotten branches are cut. It is imperative to monitor the cleanliness of the soil. It is important to get rid of weeds in time, to loosen and weed.
Useful organic fertilizer mowed grass. In the spring, the tree should be fed with ash, nitrate, urea.
Diseases and Pests
A serious disease is cancer of the apple tree. It can lead to the death of a tree. On the trunk, branches and crown there are noticeable thickenings. Later in these growths, the process of decay develops. Damage is not only open, but also closed. In the latter case, the bark exfoliates. If untreated, a red border appears at the site of damage.
If the disease is detected at an early stage, the damaged areas are lubricated either with garden var or Bordeaux fluid. Damaged branches must be burned outside the garden.
Powdery mildew
The disease affects all vital parts of the tree. It is mainly noticeable on the leaves. A characteristic white coating appears on them, resembling dust or flour. At more advanced stages, it turns brown. Without providing help to the tree, the leaves dry out, the disease affects the inside of the trunk.
How to cure a tree?
Damaged areas are cut and burned away from the garden. The tree is treated with a solution of the drug "Topaz" at the rate of two milliliters per ten liters of water. In addition, the Skor tool has proven itself in these cases. The solution is washed with a tree, and after fruiting is thoroughly treated with Bordeaux liquid.
To care for the apple tree of this variety does not require much effort. It is quite unpretentious, gives abundant harvests, and the fruits have excellent taste.
Apple-tree of Moscow later: reviews of gardeners
Most owners of this variety believe that the advantages of this apple tree include: high consumer qualities of apples, winter hardiness and resistance to scab. The variety is not picky in care. Many gardeners are attracted by the fact that the fruits can be stored until a new crop, as well as the ability to consume fruits not only in fresh form. You can make fragrant juices, jams, and sweets from them. Many note that the fruits of this variety are used in baby and diet food.
According to gardeners, the variety does not have significant shortcomings, but some owners believe that the tendency of the tree crown to thicken should be attributed to the shortcomings of the variety, but this is not a very serious drawback. This problem can be solved without much difficulty.