The concepts of "public administration" and "executive power " are not identical. Meanwhile, discussions are underway on their position relative to each other.
Public Administration, Executive
Law, acting as a regulatory institution, includes various elements. Its key goal is the regulation of public relations. Among the main areas of social management, public administration. The executive branch is defined as a relatively independent branch of this institution.
Category Content
The essence of administration is the targeted impact of an authorized entity on an object. Executive power and public administration are associated with the implementation of activities in the process of practical and everyday management of various spheres of public life. In this case, methods, forms and resources prescribed by law are used. Executive power and public administration are not opposed to each other. On the contrary, the first acts as a key link in administration.
Definitions
Public administration can be defined in two different aspects. First of all, it is an activity carried out by authorized structures of all existing branches and other organizations with administrative powers. In accordance with this approach, we can say that the state and all its institutions govern social interactions and processes. At the same time, they exercise their administrative powers. If we consider government in the narrow sense, then it can be described as a certain area of administrative activity related to the exercise of executive power. In accordance with this approach, it is defined as a separate type of work that is carried out only by the relevant structures. In this case, the impact on relations in society from other branches is considered separately. Executive power can be described as an independent direction of state power. She carries out administrative and administrative activities through a set of authorized structures. This work is carried out by implementing special functions, powers by means and methods enshrined in law.
The correlation of the concepts of "public administration" and "executive power"
Today, there are several approaches to the comparative characterization of these categories. First of all, the correlation between the executive branch and state administration is carried out according to their focus. The first has a political and normative, and the second has an organizational and normative character. This determines the interpretation of the definitions of each category. In particular, public administration is seen as real-life activity, and the executive branch as its component. It is implemented only in the framework of administrative work. It is worth noting that the executive branch and public administration differ in their scope. The latter is perceived much wider. The executive branch, in turn, is seen as a derivative element of government. It depends on him, because the level of his organization determines the effectiveness of its activities. Along with this, the opposite effect is noted. Executive power in the system of government forms the basis of the organizational structure. It affects various processes in society.
Nuance
The science also puts forward the view that the executive branch and state administration are equivalent categories. This position is explained as follows. The replacement of one category with another was due only to a change in regime and the transition to a new historical stage. In Soviet times, the concept of public administration was used, and the executive constitution was enshrined in the 1993 Constitution. Meanwhile, these changes did not affect the actual content of administrative and administrative activities.
Key features
Public administration is the regulatory activity of the authorities as a whole - executive, representative, judicial instances, prosecutors, etc. In the narrow sense, it represents administration. At the federal and regional levels, there are authorized structures that carry out public administration - executive bodies . In the framework of the practical application of legislation, this category is considered in a narrow sense. In this aspect, the following signs of government are highlighted:
1. This is an administrative and administrative activity related to the application of laws and other regulatory acts.
2. In the framework of public administration, lawmaking is also carried out. It consists in the fact that authorized structures, within their competence, independently develop and approve rules of conduct binding on other participants in public relations. Along with this, they monitor the implementation of the adopted requirements and conduct law enforcement activities.
3. It is carried out wherever it becomes necessary to ensure the implementation of legislative acts, the protection of freedoms and interests of citizens, that is, in key areas of public life.
4. Public administration - continuous, systematic, continuous activity. It is based on the objective laws of the implementation of administrative powers. This activity is focused on ensuring public and private interests, freedoms and rights of citizens, security and public order.
5. It is carried out by specially authorized entities. They are formed both at the regional and federal levels.
Specificity
Public administration is implemented in accordance with the principle of legality. This means that the work of authorized structures is based on standards. In the public administration system, vertical (hierarchical, subordinate) and horizontal connections are formed. The former imply strict submission, the latter - equality. Public administration is based on the principle of organization. This activity is characterized by a variety of forms, the complex of which ensures the stable, purposeful functioning of the entire administrative mechanism. An out-of-court procedure for applying coercive measures is implemented on the basis of state administration. In particular, punishments are issued, warnings are issued, etc.
Key Features
Public Administration implements the following main tasks:
1. Information support for the work of government agencies. In particular, we are talking about the collection, receipt, processing, analysis of information necessary for administrative activities.
2. Modeling and forecasting of public administration, government agencies, work standards.
3. Planning. It is a set of measures aimed at determining the proportions, directions, pace, qualitative and quantitative indicators of the development of certain processes in the public administration system. As part of the planning, the development of tasks, directions and goals of administrative reforms is carried out.
4. Organization. It represents the formation of a public administration system in accordance with the approaches and princes established by law. The organization also provides for the definition of the structure of administrative and subordinate elements.
5. Management. It represents the operational regulation of administrative relations that arise in connection with the exercise of authority by competent structures and their employees. Managing involves the provision of a regime of appropriate activities in the form of adoption of relevant acts. They, in particular, are orders, directions, instructions, rules and others.
6. Leadership. It is a definition of standards and rules of activity in general and individual procedures in particular.
Additional Tasks
The public administration implements such functions as:
1. Coordination. This function involves the coordination of the activities of various government agencies to achieve common goals.
2 . The control. It is carried out to establish inconsistency or compliance of the actual state of the entire public administration system with established standards and an appropriate level. As part of the control, an analysis of specific actions is carried out, the final indicators are determined and compared with the planned ones.
3. Regulation. It represents the application of management methods and techniques within the organization of the system and during its operation.
4. Accounting. It represents the recording of information, which is expressed in quantitative form and indicates the results of the implementation of administrative powers, relations, the availability of documents and their movement, which are essential for public administration.
Activity Description
As mentioned above, the executive branch acts as an integral element of government. It is controlled by other branches and consists in the implementation by specially authorized structures of special functions stipulated by law. Executive power in the public administration system has a number of features. In particular:
- It is an independent direction, which is in constant interaction with representative and judicial structures.
- Executive power is determined by the existence of the state. The performance of various functions and powers in the country is not possible within the framework of any one branch. Administrative and administrative activities are carried out continuously, ensuring public order and security, defense capability, etc.
- The unity of the executive branch is based on the Constitution. In Art. 11 it was established that the separation of powers and subjects of competence of structures is carried out in accordance with the Basic Law, as well as federal regulations.
- As a key feature of power is responsibility for all actions taken and decisions made. Its main purpose is daily administration in accordance with the law to ensure and protect the freedoms and interests of the population.
- In view of the fact that planning is one of the tasks of state administration, it is included in the tasks of the executive branch.
Main directions
Executive bodies of state administration of the constituent entities of the Federation implement various tasks. Among the main ones, the following functions should be distinguished:
- Enforcement of constitutional provisions in countries e.
- Executive. It is directly related to the implementation of constitutional and legislative provisions.
- Human rights. This task involves the observance and protection of the freedoms and interests of man and citizen.
- Socio-economic. It provides for the formation of appropriate conditions for the development of construction, administrative-political, socio-cultural management.
- Normative. Authorized bodies adopt legal acts within their competence.
- Protective. This function means that authorized structures are given the opportunity to apply administrative measures to organizations and citizens if they violate legal requirements.
Stewards
Executive power is exercised:
- Regions of the country. They are regions and territories, autonomous including, republics, cities of the Fed. values.
- Russian Federation.
In the framework of interaction with authorized institutions, all subjects are equal in equal rights.
Conclusion
The ratio of executive power and public administration, therefore, acts as a necessary element in the analysis of the essence of each category. Currently, many different approaches to this issue are used. Within each of them, concepts are revealed from various angles.