Let's look at the concepts of social security and social security law. It should be noted that now a significant part of the country's population has a rather difficult life. And to help people, the state uses mechanisms aimed at social security of citizens. What are they?
general information
To begin, consider the concepts of social security and social security law. This is the name of a really existing social phenomenon whose value is determined by the completeness and accuracy of the reflection of essential features in it. In the legislative tradition, the definition of this concept is given by the authority that issues the laws. His interpretation of science and practice is perceived as an established truth in a particular territory. But due to its multidimensional nature, the concept of social security and social security law (like some others) is not defined at the legislative level. In the educational and scientific literature you can find a variety of formulations. This is significantly affected by the signs accepted by the authors of textbooks and articles as a basis.
What it is?
What is the social security of citizens? This term is understood as a special form of distribution of resources, which guarantees citizens a normal level of cultural and living standards in case of old age, disability or breadwinner. It also includes the creation of a system of material services and provision of citizens by age, disability, unemployment, illness and other cases established at the legislative level. Also, when the term “social and legal support” is used, then it is necessary to understand the totality of social relations that have developed between citizens and state bodies (individual organizations or local governments). For these purposes, special funds are formed, budget funds are allocated for pensions and benefits, medical assistance is provided, and so on. In general, feasible financial resources are provided in case of life circumstances that entail the loss or reduction of income. The social security organization also provides for certain measures to increase costs for low-income (such as those with many children) representatives of society. Usually, the concept of social security and social security law presupposes mandatory state assistance. But often these are small funds, which boil down to establishing a level of income in the amount of a living wage or so.
Trends
As for the development of social security, it has certain features in individual countries. But it’s quite possible to highlight common features:
- The state nature of the institutional mechanisms established in society for the provision and distribution of a public product. It should also be noted the development and creation of a separate system for these purposes.
- Legislative consolidation of social risks, which is the basis for assistance.
- Determining the circle of people who can qualify for support. They are engaged in the management of social protection.
- The state normalizes the social standard. Typically, this involves determining the minimum and maximum.
Alternative
As previously mentioned, there is no exact and uniform formulation of what social security is.
Therefore, we can cite the following alternative proposed by R.I. Ivanova:
- The need for a special mechanism of social protection cause objective reasons. And it is necessary to strive to provide all citizens of the state with a certain level of living standard.
- New ways of forming funds are emerging.
- Separate, previously non-existent sources of social security are created.
- New mechanisms for providing livelihoods are emerging.
- The established ways of interaction between people, government bodies and foundations are fixed at the legal level.
Formation problems
So, the main trends and features are highlighted. It would seem that it is not difficult to define what state social security is. But everything is not as easy as it seems at first glance. The reason is the same as mentioned earlier - multidimensionality. Therefore, any definition that is given to social security cannot be universal. Indeed, for this he needs to cover all the signs inherent in this direction of social life, while indicating all the functions. Despite the fact that similarly similar concepts are used, they have their own characteristic features. Therefore, due to the ambiguous nature, it is impossible to objectively combine all the existing features of this phenomenon. The basic fundamentals play a significant role.
Why do you need social security?
This mechanism is used by society and the state in order to solve the problem of inequality of personal incomes of people. At the same time, it should not necessarily be the result of differences in their labor productivity. That is, social protection authorities can help, but only in cases where such a need arose for independent reasons. Such a policy began to emerge at the end of the 19th century and gained significant distribution in the 20th century. The redistribution tool for solving social problems is used to solve various conflicts in society and to prevent the growth of radical sentiments. In addition, one cannot underestimate the importance of this mechanism for stabilizing a person’s mental state. After all, social security contributes to creating comfort for people and restoring their status as a full member of society.
Another definition
Based on the foregoing, we can conclude: social security is a way of distributing a certain part of GDP, which provides for the provision of material wealth to citizens to equalize personal income in the event of a crisis. For this purpose, targeted funds are used in an amount that is strictly regulated by society and the state. The legislature and the social protection department play an important role in this. They create legal norms and forms, and also organize the process of redistribution.
Operating time
It should be noted that the social protection system is heterogeneous. In more detail about all the possibilities will tell the nearest department of social protection. Now let's look at the situation as a whole. So, for starters, the most interesting is state social insurance. This is the name of the compulsory wage system. Its essence boils down to the fact that the risk of social problems is distributed to employers and the people themselves. This is expressed in the forced deduction of payments to trust funds. At the same time, it is stipulated that material benefits will subsequently be provided in proportion to the amounts paid. In addition, there is social security, which does not take into account the labor contribution of a person. The types and volumes of assistance in this case vary among some states. Such social security can mean both the provision of cash payments and services that are obtained on a free basis or on preferential terms. Persons who live in poverty can rely on cash benefits, food assistance, and preferences in obtaining education or training. It should be noted separately the countries of Scandinavia, where everyone can count on social assistance , regardless of their financial situation. The peculiarity in this case is that the coverage is carried out not only by employees (as in the case of insurance), but by all members of the company.
Social protection of the population
This is the name of the complex of additional measures that provide material assistance for the least protected groups of the population, which are the elderly, the disabled, low-income families with children, and so on. This is all done thanks to the budget or special social funds. It should be noted the multifunctionality of this area, which depends a lot on the universality laid in it. So, in addition to standard social risks such as old age, disability, temporary disability and other problems, the dangers of a transition period were also laid. Despite the existence of a concept in this area, one can come across individual interpretations of specialists. So, some people understand social protection in general as all the activities of the state, which are aimed at the formation and development of a full-fledged personality. In addition to the usual aspects, this includes the identification and neutralization of negative factors affecting the personality and affecting its self-determination and affirmation in this life.
Social security as a function of the state
It should be noted the great importance of this area for the activities of the whole society and individual representative bodies (for example, the social protection department). At the same time, general and special social protection are shared. The first is understood as the activity that is aimed at the implementation of the fundamental rights of citizens. By special social protection is meant the creation of a regulatory system for stabilizing an individual or group in need of some form of care. These may include military personnel or pensioners. If we talk about the former, then social mechanisms are created for them that are aimed at eliminating or at least minimizing discomfort regarding their position in society. It is also in the interests of the state to maintain their high social status. In this matter, social protection bodies contribute a lot.
Conclusion
Social security is an important aspect of the existence of human society, which at the present stage has a significant impact on the regulation and stabilization of the situation of low-income sectors of society. So, thanks to existing mechanisms, everyone can be sure that they will not leave him after old age and because of disability. Of course, I would like to note the fact that inflation quickly devalues the funds received.