If desired, even a private house in the countryside can be equipped. The first thing a resident of the country faces is the lack of a warm toilet in the house. Without a sewage system, a person loses many amenities. It is not a luxury, it is a necessity. Laying sewage in a private house is a complex process that requires taking into account every little thing. How to do this?
External and internal
Work related to the arrangement of sewage in a private house begins with the design of the internal and external systems. In the first case, the installation of a fan pipe, a riser, as well as pipe breeding to all rooms where it is required: a kitchen, a toilet, a bathroom and so on is required. As for the external system, this is all that is located outside the house. Its arrangement requires piping to the septic tank. You can also connect the sewer to a deep cleaning station.
The task is much easier if it is possible to discharge stock water into a centralized system. If the house is located in an isolated area, then you should create a system with a homemade septic tank. It can be with a filtering field or cumulative. The cesspool is not suitable in this case.
Scheme for laying sewer pipes in a private house
Before starting work, you should make a plan for laying pipes inside a private house. The process is greatly simplified if all wet rooms are located in close proximity. The scheme is compiled strictly individually. In the process, you should consider all the features of the house and the location of the premises. The finished version may look like anything.
When designing sewers inside the house, it is necessary to accurately calculate the location of the collector pipe. Only then can we determine where the rest of the system will be laid.
How to make a diagram correctly
The scheme for laying sewers in a private house is an important stage. The quality of the system and its reliability depend on how well the plan is drawn up. Stages of drawing up the scheme:
- On a piece of paper, preferably in a box, it is necessary to recreate the plan of the house. When drawing up a plan, it is worth considering the scale.
- Then it is worth determining the location of the riser or the collector pipe.
- At all levels of the building, it is necessary to note the location of the plumbing. At this stage, you should learn about how to connect it.
- From plumbing, it is necessary to lay pipes on the paper to the riser. In this case, all connecting elements, tees, lay-outs and corners should be taken into account.
- It is necessary to measure the length of each element of the internal system and summarize the data. The result is the required number of pipes. In this case, the diameter of the material must be taken into account.
The final stage is the drawing up of an external system diagram: the release of pipes, their laying to the septic tank. In this case, it is necessary to take into account all the requirements specified in SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02, as well as SNiP 2.04.03-85.
What to consider when arranging the internal system
Laying of the internal sewerage in a private house begins after drawing up an approximate scheme. At this stage, several nuances should be taken into account:
- To drain wastewater from the toilet, pipes are required whose diameter is 10-11 cm. Their total length should be at least 100 centimeters.
- For gray drains that enter the common riser from the kitchen and bathroom, pipes made of PP or PVC are required. The diameter of the material should be 5 centimeters.
- For arrangement of turns in the system, it is necessary to use several plastic elbows made at an angle of 45 °. This reduces the risk of clogging during the use of sewers.
- It is best to use polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride pipes for arranging sewage inside the house . Such material is more durable, reliable and relatively inexpensive. When using such pipes, laying sewers in a private house is simplified.
Choosing pipes
Laying a sewer in a private house requires careful preparation. After drawing up the scheme and carrying out the necessary calculations, the purchase of materials is required. For wiring inside the house, gray pipes are used. To equip the external system, orange-colored pipes are required. The difference in color can be explained on the basis of logic. Orange hues are best seen in the ground. In addition, pipes have differences in properties. First of all, this applies to the material. Underground pipes must withstand more severe loads. The material for their manufacture should be more rigid.
To make the sewage installation in a private house with your own hands successful, you can use double-layer corrugated pipes. But, as practice shows, their use is often inappropriate. After all, the depth of the sewage in a private house is from 2 to 3 meters. The use of orange pipes is much cheaper and no less effective. Most often, for the arrangement of the external system, material is used, the diameter of which is 11 centimeters. This is enough for a normal drainage.
How to lay pipes? It's simple!
Laying sewers in a private house with your own hands requires certain skills and patience. The most difficult stage is the placement of pipes and their fastening. Doing it alone is almost impossible. Therefore, an assistant will be required to work. This will not only speed up the process, but also improve quality.
The easiest option for laying sewage is the use of PVC or PP pipes. A fairly wide assortment of such products is produced. If necessary, you can purchase the material of the desired diameter, tees, elbows and revisions. It is worth noting that each part is equipped with a special rubberized insert - cuff. Thanks to this element, laying the sewer of a private house takes a little time. Joints connect easily and yet reliably. If desired, seams can be additionally treated. For this, a silicone-based plumbing sealant is suitable.
What to consider
When laying pipes, it is necessary to take into account some nuances:
- If pipes run through walls or ceilings, then they must be placed in special sleeves that can reduce the load on fragments of the system.
- The slope of the elements of the sewer system depends on their diameter and is prescribed in SNiP 2.04.03-85. For example, for a material whose diameter is 5 centimeters, this indicator should be 3 cm / m, and with a diameter of 10 to 11 centimeters - 2 cm / m.
Arrangement of sewage outlet
If there is a problem and the internal system has an external mismatch, then the laying of sewer pipes in a private house should begin with the release. This is the boundary zone between the systems. At this point, the riser is connected to the pipe leading to the wastewater collection tank.
It is necessary to mount the outlet through the foundation wall. The depth of its laying should be below the depth of freezing of soils. Otherwise, during the winter period, difficulties may arise during the operation of the sewage system. If the hole for the release was not indicated during the construction of the building, then it will have to be punched. Its diameter should correspond to the dimensions of the pipe in the sleeve. The latter should be longer in length than the hole. From each edge of the sleeve should cover the pipe by more than 15 centimeters. These are the basic requirements for the production of sewage.
Installation of the riser and further wiring
The size of the pipe from the riser to the toilet should be 1000 mm. This allows you to determine its location. It is better to mount the riser in the toilet itself. Installation can be hidden or open. It all depends on where the pipe will be installed. You can install the riser close to the wall. To do this, use pendants and clamps. You can also mount the pipe in a niche, in a channel or in a box.
To connect the riser and other fragments of the system, you can use oblique tees. If the pipes are different in diameter, then adapters should be used to connect them. They allow you to abandon the use of sealant. In those places where the intersection of elements coming from the shower, sink or bath, it is necessary to install a manifold pipe. Its diameter should be from 10 to 11 centimeters. Do not forget about the hydraulic locks. These elements do not allow unpleasant odors to enter the living room.
On each floor, a revision is installed in the riser - a kind of tee designed to clean the system with a strong blockage.
What is a fan pipe
Observing the rules for laying sewage in a private house, you can easily create an external and internal system. In addition to installing the riser, a fan pipe is also required. This is its continuation, which is displayed on the roof of the house. This part is installed on the riser. At the junction, a revision is mounted. After that, the fan pipe is displayed in the attic at an angle. Do not connect it to the ventilation system of a building or to a chimney.
The fan pipe should be located away from windows and doorways. This distance should be more than 4 meters. This fragment of the sewer should be located at different levels with general ventilation of the house and the chimney.
Varieties of septic tanks
Laying an external sewage system in a private house is no less important stage than installing an internal system. With improper arrangement, problems can arise not only with comfort, but also with environmentalists. One mistake can turn the sewer system into a big foul-smelling problem, which will take a lot of time and money to fix.
Begin with a septic tank device. Most often, constructions of a slop type are used. This is the capacity, or their combination, through which the drains pass. Gradually they are cleared. This is due to the deposition of heavy inclusions. After the drains pass additional purification in the filtration well or on the field. In this case, both mechanical and biological cleaning methods are used.
There is another, simpler type of septic tank - cumulative. In this case, a closed container of a sufficiently large volume is installed. All drains are collected in it. To empty such a septic tank, drainage is required, which is carried out by a sewage machine. This method of arranging an external system is easier to implement. In addition, it is cheaper.
How to calculate the desired volume
Calculating the size of a septic tank is not so difficult. The volume is determined based on sedimentation for 3 days. At the same time, the average consumption per person per day is 200 liters. If desired, this indicator can be calculated individually. If two people live in a house on a permanent basis, then the volume of the septic tank should be:
2 x 200 x 3 = 1200 liters or 1.2 cubic meters.
Steps for installing an outdoor system
Laying the sewage system in a private house does not end after the complete installation of the internal system. After all, the arrangement of the outer part is required. Stages of arranging an external system:
- First you need to prepare the materials: the finished tank of the required volume of PP or reinforced concrete rings. If desired, you can lay out a brick or pour a monolith.
- The next step is to determine the appropriate wastewater treatment method.
- After earthworks are carried out: a foundation pit is excavated under the tank and trenches for laying pipes.
- All structural elements must be connected. At the same time, do not forget about the comfortable maintenance of the septic tank.
- Pipes should be mounted at a certain slope. This indicator should be 2 cm / m. Joints need to be sealed.
- The septic tank should be equipped with a ventilation system.
- After carrying out work on the thermal and waterproofing of individual fragments of the system, you can fill the structure with soil.
When placing a septic tank, it is worth considering the location of buildings on a personal plot. Do not place a container for drains near a recreation area or playground.
In conclusion
Now you know how to lay sewer pipes in a private house. If all the rules are followed, you will get a reliable system. Before starting the operation of the sewage system, it is worth running it. To do this, flush the system with clean water. This will reveal all the shortcomings and fix them. Only then can the sewer system begin to operate.
In fact, the process of mounting individual fragments is not difficult. The main thing is not to make mistakes when drawing up a sewage scheme, and also to make the correct slope of the pipes. Otherwise, the system will not function normally.