Frame houses are very popular today: they are easy and quick to assemble, do not require the installation of a hardened and expensive foundation, they are inexpensive, which means they are accessible to all segments of the population.
Nevertheless, many do not dare to build houses using frame technology, as they consider them not warm enough, designed exclusively for summer living. However, this opinion is erroneous, because if you wisely approach the insulation of a shield house, you can feel comfortable in it at any time of the year. "But how to insulate a frame house for winter living?" - you ask. The answer to all questions related to the process of warming such buildings will be our today's article.
Warming options
First of all, it is necessary to determine where you will install thermal insulation - outside the building or from the inside. To make the right decision, you should consider the features of each method of insulation.
The following facts speak in favor of the external location of the insulation:
• In the process of insulating the facade, the interior of the house does not suffer at all.
• Wooden walls accumulate the heat inside the room, and when the temperature drops, they give it back to the room, allowing you to save on heating.
• It should also be noted that the insulation material installed outside the house, in addition to its main function, reliably protects the facade from the harmful effects of moisture, ultraviolet radiation and temperature fluctuations. As a result, the service life of the building increases markedly.
If you are thinking about how to insulate the walls in the frame house from the inside, pay attention to several disadvantages of this method:
• For internal wall insulation, it will be necessary to dismantle all the decorative decoration of the room, which after installing the thermal insulation will have to be restored again. This leads to an increase in the timing of work and to additional costs.
• With internal insulation, streams of warm and cold air are found inside the wall, which leads to the accumulation of moisture in the room, as a result - the service life of wooden walls is significantly reduced.
• The insulation layer located inside the building does not protect the facade from external factors. A wall goes through many cycles of freezing and thawing, as a result of which its structure is destroyed.
The choice of insulation material
When wondering how to insulate a frame house for winter living, it should be understood that when it comes to walls made of wood-shaving materials, the insulation should have the following qualities:
1. Environmental friendliness. The heat insulator must not emit substances hazardous to humans (even when heated) into the air.
2. Fire safety. You should choose materials that prevent the spread of fire on the walls of the building and do not emit a lot of smoke in case of fire.
3. Low thermal conductivity.
4. Strength. The heat-insulating material must fit snugly between the piers and maintain its original shape over time.
5. Low cost. The price of insulation should not exceed the cost of the building itself.
The closest to the above requirements are polystyrene foam and mineral wool.
Next, we will consider what is better to insulate the frame house, and how to do it correctly.
Expanded polystyrene
The main advantages of the foam include its low weight, which is very important when it comes to frame structures. The material perfectly tolerates sharp jumps in temperature, is not afraid of moisture and does not freeze.
The durability and low cost of polystyrene attract many homeowners, however, along with the positive qualities, this insulation also has drawbacks.
These include:
• fast flammability;
• susceptibility to mechanical and chemical damage;
• poor air permeability (due to which a thermos effect is created in the house).
As an alternative, many use an improved type of foam - foam, which is resistant to various kinds of damage, but has a higher price tag.
Most often, this insulation is installed on the outside of the house.
Mineral wool
The most popular material used as thermal insulation in frame houses is Izover mineral wool (insulation, the price of which, in comparison with similar materials, is quite low). On sale, it is found in the form of rolls, mats and durable plates.
Mineral wool is characterized by environmental friendliness, light weight, excellent heat and sound insulation indicators, the ability to bend around any irregularities, as well as the duration of use.
Fire safety of the material depends entirely on its density. Products in the form of plates do not burn at all.
When choosing this insulation for frame walls, it should be borne in mind that after some time, the cotton wool can cake and sag, which leads to a violation of the integrity of the insulation layer. Also, proper attention should be paid to waterproofing, since, when wet, glass wool loses its original properties and becomes a favorable environment for mold.
Facade insulation
Let's take a closer look at how to insulate a frame house for winter living from the outside.
For these purposes, you can use the technology of curtain walls. It involves the installation of insulation between the outer wall and the decorative cladding. In this case, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer directly depends on climatic conditions in the region of residence (20 cm or more).
This method can also be used for internal wall insulation, and use lining or drywall as decoration.
Technology of insulation of external walls with foam
1. The wall is cleaned of dirt and dust, all protrusions are smoothed. The base is completely treated with a primer, and if gaps are found, they are coated with special adhesives.
2. Next, install vertical suspensions. Kapron cords with loads are placed at a distance of 0.5 m from each other to identify and eliminate all irregularities (if the walls of the panel house are as flat as possible, this step can be skipped).
3. Using special glue, foam boards are fixed to the walls. It is very important that the material is as tight as possible to the base.
4. A finishing material is installed on top of the insulating layer.
Insulation of interior walls
Now we will figure out how to insulate the frame house with mineral wool.
The installation of insulation should only be started after the wall has been treated with antiseptic compounds.
Installation of thermal insulation includes the following works:
1. A vapor-permeable diffuse membrane is placed on the walls so that its smooth side "looks" inside the room.
2. On top of the membrane using self-tapping screws install guide rails made of wood or metal. The distance between the rails should correspond to the width of the insulation material.
3. Installation of mineral wool can begin both above and below the wall. If you use Izover roll (insulation, the price of which varies between 1500-2000 rubles per package), installation should begin from the ceiling. Mineral wool in mats is mounted starting from the floor. Fastening is carried out using dowels with a wide hat.
4. On top of the insulation is a waterproofing film. For these purposes, you should choose vapor-permeable products that will contribute to the natural ventilation of the room. The film is fixed with wooden rails so that it is not too stretched and does not sag. Next, the cladding is mounted.
Conclusion
Now you know how to insulate a frame house for winter living. At the end of the topic, I would like to draw your attention to the fact that thermal insulation will not make the building suitable for living in the cold season - it is designed to retain warm indoor air. Therefore, if you want your house to be warm and comfortable even in severe frosts, take care of its heating.