When building frame houses, you can save a lot. In addition, this is a very practical option. All work can be done independently. In this case, you will save even more on construction. In the article, we will consider step-by-step instructions for building a house. We will divide all the work into stages - we will start by marking the site and finish with insulation. The article will also consider specific schemes of frame houses.
Site preparation
Before embarking on the construction, it is necessary to prepare the site on which it will be produced. First you need to completely remove all the vegetation. In this case, you will greatly facilitate the layout of the site, make it more accurate. In the event that the slope in the area is very large, you need to level it.
For this, special equipment is usually used. It is not recommended to neglect the preparation procedure, since if you spend a couple of hours cleaning the site, you will be able to ease your work in the future. It should also be noted that taking measurements in vegetation with great accuracy will not work.
Building marking
This stage is very responsible, since it directly depends on how smooth the corners of the walls of the whole house will be. With the construction of a frame house with your own hands, difficulties can arise. In the event that the markup is found to be inaccurate, you are unlikely to be able to correct such a mistake in the future. In order to mark the foundation under the frame house, you need to install pegs. The essence of the procedure is that you mark the external and internal walls. Between the pegs you need to pull a fishing line or rope to outline the contours of the future base.
Pile screw foundation
The advantages of frame structures are that for them you can use any options for the foundation. The restriction imposes only what soil in a particular area. The most common option is a pile-screw type foundation. This is a fairly cheap and easy option. When building a frame house with your own hands, a detailed scheme for arranging the foundation will be useful to you. The article provides detailed schemes for the construction of frame houses, as well as the foundations for them.
Installation of this foundation can be done even with your own hands. Such a base is ideal for any soil other than rocky. In particular, the pile-screw foundation can be used in marshy soil, dense rocks are very deep. It is quite difficult to make a strip foundation in such conditions.
Shallow foundation types
This design is also used often, but depends on what type of soil on the site. The cost of building such a foundation is quite low, and most importantly, you can use concrete floors in the house. But you will need to strictly observe the manufacturing technology, since the base is quite fragile.
Often, a shallow strip foundation is used only if the soil is good. It can not be installed if the soil is swampy or groundwater is too high.
Tile base
This is the last version of the foundation, which is gaining popularity. The cost of this option is not very small, but it has big advantages. For example, such a base is very reliable, versatile, durable. It can be used as a rough floor in the house. In the frame diagram of the frame house, such a structural element is best used.
In this case, when carrying out interior decoration, you do not have to spend money on the manufacture of a rough floor. Quite often, plate types of foundation with stiffeners are used. In this case, you can save on the bookmark, as well as strengthen the design of the house as a whole.
Wood and concrete floor
There are no special differences between the floor in the frame house from any other. Both concrete and wood can be used. It directly depends on what opportunities you have, desire, and most importantly - the type of foundation. As a rule, concrete floors are made in frame houses in the event that a strip or slab foundation is used.
In the latter case, the stove itself is the floor for the first floor. When mounting the foundation of the tape type, the floors can be made of expanded clay concrete. In this case, you will make an additional warming according to the scheme of the frame house. Mineral wool is also best treated with floors.
Next, we will consider the design of wooden floors using a pile-screw foundation. Similarly, all work will be carried out for strip foundations, the difference is only in the lower harness.
Foundation strapping
Before constructing the walls of the frame house according to the existing scheme, you need to make a base and floors. Arrangement of wood floors must begin with the base trim. Usually this is done using a beam measuring 150x150 mm. You can even use a bar with a cross section of 150x200 mm. It all depends on how thick the walls are, as well as the distance between adjacent piles.
As you know, the greater this distance, the thicker it is necessary to use a beam. In this case, sagging will be avoided. With the help of strapping, you give rigidity to the foundation, and also evenly distribute the loads on it. Also, the harness will serve as a support for the flooring.
We single out several stages of manufacturing the lower harness:
- A timber is laid along the perimeter. Check the length of the walls and all the diagonals. You will definitely need to make accurate and final marking of all walls, while strictly following the project. It is very important to make waterproofing under the harness. As it is possible to use a regular roofing material. Next, you need to outline the joining of the bars. They must be placed on stilts, because these are the most vulnerable points. This is especially true for those houses in which the walls have a length longer than the bars.
- Next, it is necessary to dock the beam, leaving an inlet up to 30 cm. In the end part, it is necessary to cut the locks. It is such a floor scheme of the frame house is the most reliable.
- Docking the corners is done in the same way.
- Fasten the beam to the foundation with studs or bolts. To do this, drill holes in the foundation and uneven bars. All parts that protrude must be deepened to simplify installation. It is recommended to pierce all joints with nails to improve fastening.
- Once the beam is laid around the perimeter, you can proceed to the final stage. It is necessary to complete the foundation under the walls. For this, a beam is used, which is attached to the already mounted external. In order to make amplification, you can additionally use metal corners.
Once the harness is ready, you can begin to manufacture the frame.
How to make a wireframe
Now let's look at the assembly diagram of the frame house. Be sure in this case, it is necessary to mark the location of all communications. Next, install the lags on the harness. In the event that between the supports 4 m or more, it is best to use bars whose size is 150 x 200 mm. Installation of products with a size of 50 x 200 mm is allowed, but you will have to combine them in two.
If the distance is up to 3 m, it is allowed to use bars with a size of 50 x 150 mm. Installing a lag is not a very difficult stage, but you will have to take into account the nuances. Pay attention to such moments:
- There should be a distance equal to the size of the insulation material. Therefore, it is necessary to foresee in advance which type of insulation you want to use. In the event that mineral wool will be used with a sheet size of 100 x 60 cm, it is necessary to make the distance 2-3 cm less. In other words, there should be a distance of about 57 cm between the lags.
- The lag is fastened with the help of corners and nails. They are installed 5 cm below the harness. This is done in order to install more bars, in the end it will turn out to close all the holes around the perimeter. Be sure to follow the construction scheme of the frame house.
- In order to increase the rigidity of the floor, it is necessary to install boards between the lags. Typically used beams are 50 x 200 mm or 50 x 150 mm.
Thermal insulation and floor waterproofing
And now you need to perform insulation work:
- At the bottom, at a right angle to the lags, it is necessary to fix the board (25 mm). In the event that the fastening of the lag is carried out rigidly, it is enough to install the boards at a distance of 40 cm. Fastening is done using self-tapping screws.
- On top of the lag, you need to fix the board and fill it with waterproofing.
- A heater is installed on top of the waterproofing material . And the thickness of this layer depends directly on what climatic conditions you live in. Typically, a thickness of about 20 cm is chosen.
- The insulation must be laid in such a way that all joints are covered by subsequent layers.
- On top of the insulation, it is necessary to first tighten the vapor barrier, and then sew it up with plywood or an OSB board. It all depends on your preferences and desires.
Please note that vapor barrier and waterproofing must be installed with a small overflow. It is advisable to clearly follow the instructions for the material, moisture is not allowed to enter the insulation material. Be sure to make a diagram of the frame house. With your own hands, you can complete construction and insulation without much difficulty.
Walls of the frame house
Now we will consider the design and installation of walls. As in the case of floors, the fastening of timber and boards must be done using metal corners and nails. Please note that in some cases it is allowed to use studs. The entire frame can be assembled from boards measuring 50 x 200 mm. You can use a smaller section, it all depends on what thickness of the walls you need to get.
The whole procedure can be divided into three stages:
- The assembly of walls, the manufacture of door and window openings.
- Installation of walls in a vertical plane.
- Strengthening the design, manufacturing the upper harness.
Window and doorways
Walls must be assembled on the manufactured floor. In this case, it will work much more convenient for you. Be sure to consider that all sizes must be respected. Your walls should not be shorter or longer than the already installed floor. In order to understand the essence of all procedures, it is necessary to consider a step-by-step guide:
- First you need to decide what height the building will have. For example, a draft ceiling may be at a height of 2.8 m. Therefore, it is necessary to make vertical posts about 15 cm lower.
- Between the racks should be a distance that is selected based on the width of the insulation material. The standard size is about 60 cm. In the event that the insulation material is of a cotton type, it is recommended to reduce the distance between the racks to 57-58 cm, in which case you will provide a more dense contact of the sheets.
- The lower and upper boards must be laid out on the floor and mark the places in which the racks will be installed. Then they need to be decomposed and punched with nails 120 or 150 mm long. Additional fastening by means of corners is allowed.
- If the wall is too large, it is necessary to assemble it from several elements. This can also be done if the work is done alone. The fact is that the large structure has an appropriate weight. If you reduce the mass, then it will work easier. All work must be done strictly according to the frame house scheme. It’s quite possible to realize this with your own hands, but you will have to take into account the recommendations.
- In order to stiffen the structure, it is necessary to install jumpers between the racks. Usually use 1-3 jumpers in the gap between adjacent racks. Very often, craftsmen mount the jumpers in a checkerboard pattern.
- According to the plan of the house, it is necessary to equip the door and window openings.
Often, craftsmen forget to take into account the thickness of the boards during assembly. In this case, the walls are not the same length as we would like.
Wall mounting
Before you make the warming of the frame house according to the scheme, you need to assemble the walls. This procedure is quite simple:
- The wall is installed and fixed to the floor. In this case, it is still necessary to establish temporary supports that will keep it from falling. Then you will need to take turns to raise and expose the remaining walls. All of them are necessarily fastened to each other with the help of studs or nails. In the event that the wall consists of several elements, it is necessary to ensure that the lower and upper parts are the same.
- In the corners, it is recommended to install a heater, not bars.
- Next, you need to make temporary fasteners. This can be done using any thin boards that make their way diagonally. These are jibs, they need to be installed on all walls.
- It is necessary to monitor how vertical angles are. Use a plumb line, it will help to verify the verticality of the walls.
- When assembling the walls of the building, you must use a cord. It needs to be pulled between the corners. In this case, you will ensure the smoothness of not only the corners, but also the walls.
Reinforcement and upper trim
After the walls are assembled, you can perform the upper trim. The board used is the same as in the walls. With the help of the upper harness, a stronger grip of all angles is carried out. It will also allow to give unity to all elements of the walls and to distribute the load among all. Along the perimeter, it is necessary to pierce the beam using nails. It is desirable to use it with a cross section up to 150 mm.
At the joints, it is necessary to make a lap up to 30 cm. In the corners it should be equal to the wall thickness. Next, it is necessary to strengthen the entire structure. Typically, OSB boards or plywood are used for this purpose. If OSB-boards are sheathed throughout the house from the inside or outside, the frame will become quite rigid.
Production of internal partitions
The internal partitions are almost the same in design as the external walls. True, these are not such serious requirements regarding insulation and thickness:
- It is allowed to make partitions of small thickness. It all depends on your preferences and comfort requirements.
- Inside the partitions, the insulation will primarily perform soundproofing functions. Therefore, the insulation scheme of the frame house can be made as simplified as possible.
- It is allowed not to use a vapor isolator or a hydroinsulator in the internal partitions.
Roof
For frame buildings, any roof can be used. This structural element does not depend on what material the walls of the house are laid out. It is worth noting that it is much easier to mount a roof on a frame house than on a brick or block, because the fastening of its elements to the walls is greatly simplified.
In order to make a quality roof, it is necessary to use materials such as natural tiles, metal tiles. The use of slate, metal profile, etc. is allowed.
Warming
At the final stage of construction, it is necessary to carry out insulation. It is necessary to insulate everything from floor to ceiling. To do this, you can use the following instructions:
- From the outside, a special membrane must be pulled onto the plywood or OSB sheets. It will perform the functions of a waterproofing system.
- It is necessary to lay insulation material between the racks. In the event that a house is being built in a cold region, it is necessary to lay the insulation in two or three layers. In this case, of course, the walls should be of appropriate thickness. Do not allow the appearance of bridges of cold, for this, do the lap at the junction.
- Similarly, insulate the floor of the house.
- In order to insulate the ceiling, it is necessary to fix an insulation film at the bottom of the beams. It is necessarily hemmed with a board or plywood. Almost any material can be used, as is the case with the ceiling. It is allowed to use even expanded clay. But it is best to use mineral or stone wool.
- After installing the insulation, it is necessary to fill the film on top of it. It will protect the material from moisture from the outside.
It is also allowed to stuff rails or boards over the casing. But this is done if you need to perform a fine finish. OSB sheets are printed on film.