State form devices - this is a kind of administrative-territorial principle of reproduction of political power, organized in such a way as to achieve maximum efficiency in managing society. The latter, as you know, is a rather complicated structure, where many individual, collective and class interests are woven together. Therefore, pursuing the goal of optimizing the management structure, the state on its territory artificially divides the space into relatively independent entities in which it reproduces identical administrative structures (state institutions and their representations).
The concept and form of state. devices
Thus, we are talking not only about optimizing the principle of territorial arrangement of power, but also about fixing the model of vertical or horizontal control. In
democracies, the main management functions are distributed between local (communal) government bodies. The state in this case only performs the functions of supervision, control and strategic planning. In
authoritarian regimes, on the contrary, the emphasis is on building a "vertical of power", hierarchically clan controllability. Therefore, the main political functionality is given to administrations controlled from the center.
State form The device also depends on deep-rooted practices and historical features. It is generally accepted that in the world there are three main forms - unitary, federal and democratic. Let's consider them in order.
A unitary state is a country where regions do not have the right to autonomy. Therefore, they cannot pursue their own domestic and foreign policies, and also have their own representations in the international arena. True, unitary states are also found “as a whole,” but with their internal autonomous entities, for example, Ukraine and Spain. Often, such an imbalance between different territories provokes conflict situations, especially if autonomy has significant
economic potential. State form devices in such countries are extremely unstable and can change under the pressure of both internal and external factors.
Federated states, as a rule, were formed on the basis of separate sovereign territories that are similar mentally, culturally and ethnically. This type is widely represented by former empires and regions that were collected by extra-legal means - Germany, the USA, and the Russian Federation. In this case, the state form. The device is focused both on consolidating national integrity, and on the political and economic retention of potentially conflicting territories. Note that there is a transfer of part of sovereign rights to the federal center in exchange for security guarantees. Therefore, in spite of the complexity of the historical past, such countries are firmly “cross-linked” formations, united by one idea and a “development plan”, cementing the uniqueness of the nation.
Confederation is a temporary formation of
sovereign states to achieve certain goals. This form of state. devices are a rather rare phenomenon and are almost never found in the modern world.
State form Russian devices - a federation composed of republics, territories, autonomous regions and districts. This complex design is due to two factors. Firstly, the peculiarity of the ethnic and national composition of the Russian state. And secondly, significant territorial areas that are easier to manage, relying on relatively small administrative units (entities).