If you have purchased a suburban area and plan to build a small house or a large cottage there, then first you need to build a compact structure. It is usually called a household unit or a change house. This room inside is divided by partitions into several sections, one of which can serve as a storage room, the other - a bathroom, the third - tool storage. Inside, you can even equip a summer kitchen.
Design Features
The value of such a building is difficult to overestimate, therefore, it is necessary to familiarize yourself in more detail with how to build a hozblok for a summer residence. You can make the structure wooden by sheathing it outside with a profiled sheet or lining. The roof is usually covered with sheet metal or inexpensive rubber tiles.
You can arrange windows on two walls so that it is light inside. So you will not spend money on electricity. If there is no desire to divide the internal space by partitions, for this purpose you can use cabinets that will allow you to separate the zones from each other. In order to feel comfortable in the winter inside the hut, the walls, floors and the roof must be insulated, for this it is better to use the following materials:
- polyurethane foam;
- a membrane;
- Glass wool mats.
Hozblok installation rules
The hozblok for a summer residence will be a utility room, which must meet the requirements prescribed in SNiP 30-02-97. It is important to consider the purpose of the building. If a shower is located inside, then the minimum distance from the neighbors of the building should be 8 m, while you should provide a distance of 1 m to the border of the site.
Each meter between the building and other objects can be used as efficiently as possible. For example, on a piece of land they usually plant woodpiles, plant fruit bushes or plant a canopy. On several hundred square meters of land, each square meter is worth its weight in gold, so the only way to save land for planting is to combine household premises under one roof.
The benefits and comfort
You can create a multifunctional building that will resemble a house with rooms. Such a bath will differ only in size and degree of insulation. In one room can fit a shower, toilet and pantry. While a large canopy will serve as a garage. You can use the available space as efficiently as possible if you also build the second floor. Above you can arrange a guest room, hayloft or pigeon.
Necessary materials
The market today offers a lot of options for finished units. You can do the construction yourself. The following materials must first be purchased:
- timber;
- edged board;
- roofing material;
- plywood;
- gravel;
- sand;
- cement;
- asbestos cement pipe.
The beam can have a different section - from 5 x 10 cm to 15 x 15 cm. If there is no roofing material, then you can use its analogue. Cement, gravel and sand are necessary for the manufacture of concrete. As for the asbestos-cement pipe, its diameter should be 15 cm.
Foundation work
At the first stage, it is necessary to mark the perimeter of the foundation. To do this, the posts are located in the corners and in the center of the long sides, if their length is more than 6 m. The soil is pre-prepared, for this you should remove the soil layer, deepening by 20 cm. Next, the bottom is covered with crushed stone and sand by 10 cm. The pillow is well compacted.
For each column, a pit is required, the depth of which can be a limit of 1.2 m. A column for a foundation of an appropriate length is placed there. At the bottom, it is necessary to fill in fine gravel or sand, which is compacted. After the pipes are installed in the holes, their position should be checked vertically. It is best to use the construction level for this. Sand falls into the free space. The inner part of the pipes should be poured with cement mortar by 1/3, and then raise the length of the pipe. This will allow concrete to form a solid foundation for foundation pipes. The cavities are then completely filled with cement mortar.
To enhance the subsequent fixation of the base of the timber in 4 corner posts, it is necessary to install reinforcing pieces that are fixed in the solution. They should protrude 20 cm above the surface. Instead of reinforcement, you can use anchors that are fixed to the foundation. The frame of the timber is attached to them by means of nuts. Pipes are filled so that no sinuses form inside. Hardening will occur only after 2 weeks. During this time, the solution is wetted with water, in addition, it should be closed from direct sunlight.
Frame reinforcement and frame erection
Working on the hozblok for giving, at the next stage you can start forming a frame, which will be the base. While the foundation freezes, you can do the assembly of the frame. For this, a square beam with a side of 15 cm is used. It is installed in the form of a rectangle. The long side will be 6 m, the short side will be 3 m. At the corners, the elements are fixed in half the tree.
If you have to work with an anchor, then you need 2 fasteners; for reinforcement - 4. Between a wooden frame and foundation pillars, a layer of roofing material should be made, the ends of which are bent down to prevent accumulation of rain moisture. The beam should be protected from mold, insects and water by treating with an antiseptic. One of the common options is drying oil, which is applied in 2 layers.
The frame is reinforced by transverse lags that are spaced at equal intervals. For these works, a square beam with a side of 10 cm is used. When constructing a hosblock for a summer residence, at the next stage, you can start building a frame. For this, a beam with a smaller cross section is used than for installing the foundation. First, the parts of the frame are assembled from the ends. There should be window openings on both sides. Fixing the vertical struts on the frame is carried out by self-tapping screws and steel corners.
In order to seat the rack on the foundation reinforcement, centimeter holes should be drilled. This will fix the corner posts. Between them there will be struts that are bolted. After assembly, the opposite sides should look identical.
The next step will be the assembly of the front facade. The middle posts are fastened in increments of 1.8 m. In order to prevent them from moving when attaching other elements, they are temporarily connected to each other by a board mounted on a self-tapping screw.
The hozblok will consist of two sections, so you will need two doorways and an additional partition. The dimensions of the doorways will be 2 x 0.85 m. The window opening will also be located on the front side. It must be installed between the 2nd and 3rd racks. The rear facade should be assembled similarly to the front, but the process will be simplified, because there are no door and window openings there.
Two middle racks are exposed with an interval of 1.8 m, between the two racks braces are fixed. The final touch will be the upper junction, which is located at a height of 2 m. For this, a 5 x 10 cm beam is used. The structure is formed of elements that are fastened together and fixed by galvanized corners.
Roof work
When assembling the hozblok in the country, the next step is to do the installation of the rafter system. It is performed on the ground, and after that it is installed on top of the finished product. It is necessary to correctly assemble the crate, which can have intervals or be continuous. Everything will depend on the roofing material.
The angle of inclination is 10Λ. When installing the rafters are mounted on self-tapping screws, and the cornices and overhangs are sheathed with a trim board. In order to exclude the formation of cracks, holes are drilled for self-tapping screws.
Final work
After looking at the photos of the household units at the cottage, you can decide what material to use for internal and external cladding. This stage will be final. It is necessary to lay a roof covering on the roof, which can be:
- slate;
- roof tile;
- sheet iron.
The next step will be the installation of doors and windows. If necessary, you can mount the internal partitions, which will be frame. They are often lined with plywood. You can insulate the outer walls with polystyrene foam or mineral wool.
Hozblok with amenities
A household unit with a toilet for a summer residence can become a place that will provide comfort to the whole family. Land for construction should not be in a lowland. The foundation of the hosblock can be a columnar foundation. Once the marking for the base is completed, you can begin to equip the pit for the cesspool. You need to go deeper by 2 meters or more. The length and width of the pit can be different, usually these values ββare 150 x 100 cm.
As soon as the pit is dug up, it is strengthened. For this, the walls are laid with bricks. The bonding agent will be a cement mortar. The walls are ready. Now a mixture of sand and gravel is poured into the bottom, after which everything is concreted. You should get a hole through the walls and the bottom of which the contents do not leak.
Once the hozblok will be built according to the above scheme, you can install a drain pipe under the shower. The other end of the pipe is brought out. The frame for the cesspool can be a metal channel. When constructing a hozblok for a summer residence with a toilet and shower, you must install a pedestal in the restroom. For this, bars with a length of 40 cm are used. They are fastened together by metal corners. As a result, you should get a frame that looks like a step. This design will be the pedestal.
Sheathed with a 20 cm board. All sewage from the shower and toilet should be directed into the cesspool. In the shower room it will be necessary to fill the floors with gravel in order to spend less concrete. The space in the shower is filled with a solution, you should leave only a drain hole. On this, we can assume that the hozblok with a shower for a summer residence is ready.
Finally
If you do not plan to engage in construction yourself, you can purchase a finished construction. If it measures 4 x 4 m, then it will cost you 98,600 rubles. A building block for a summer cottage with an assembly on a site can cost 22,900 rubles, if its size is 2 x 1.5 m. If you want to buy something in between, then you should choose a 2 x 2 m building, which will cost 25,900 rubles. Housing units for summer cottages with assembly look neat and can have different configurations.