Currently, the sensory culture of children is at a low level, so it must be developed and maintained in every way. The most optimal period for this is early age. Sensory education must begin from the first month of life. Everyone knows that kids are much quicker to absorb the information they provide than, for example, older guys. Therefore, experts recommend starting to engage with children as early as possible, so that in the future it is easier for them to adapt in society. Today, in the framework of our article, we will consider what sensory education is, why it is necessary, and also find out how to use it correctly.
Why do you need to deal with young children?
Sensory education is the key to the mental development of the baby. This foundation will be necessary for him in the future for successful adaptation in a comprehensive school. If the child does not perceive objects enough, he may have difficulties with writing and performing a variety of products in labor lessons.
The main tasks of the sensory development of children in preschool age are:
- creating good conditions for the overall development of the child;
- promoting the development of a sensory and psychomotor environment in children by understanding the world, colors and shades, as well as the values of various objects;
- selection of effective games, exercises, classes for general development;
- involvement of dads and mothers in the development process;
- the use of illustrated textbooks;
- creation of a sensorimotor corner in a preschool educational group;
- compiling a card index of games for general education.
Preparatory Activities
The development of the baby is directly dependent on how the playroom in which the child lives is equipped. The task of mom and dad is to provide a convenient, comfortable and safe place in the house where a small person will feel calm and protected. The baby should have its own corner in the room, fully equipped for outdoor games and recreation. With the help of parents, activities are carried out in kindergartens such as:
- replenishment of the group with game and sensory materials;
- the acquisition of additional kits for conducting experiments in water and sand, containers of various shapes, tools for the implementation of transfusions of liquids;
- the purchase of inserting boards with forms, sets of voluminous bodies, developing games;
- updating the music corner with toys that make various sounds;
- purchase of a safe plastic constructor;
- making board and didactic games.
Where does sensory development begin?
During the acquaintance of children with various subjects, lessons were used both in a group and individually, games were held to cognize the surrounding objects, which give an impetus to the study of the world. For the development of sensory motility, it is necessary to acquaint kids with such properties of objects and phenomena as:
- color spectrum;
- configuration;
- the size;
- quantity;
- location in the environment.
It is necessary to carry out work aimed at teaching children the perception of objects as a whole, their assimilation of sensory standards, such as a geometric shape system, scale, color spectrum, spatial and temporal orientations, the phonetic system of the language, which is a rather complicated and lengthy process. In order to get acquainted with any object, the child needs to touch him with a hand, squeeze, stroke, roll.
Familiarizing children with subjects
At the time of acquaintance of children with the values and consolidation of knowledge about them, the following methods and techniques are used:
- matching several objects during the game by applying them to each other;
- the use of specially designed toys in the form of pyramids, nesting dolls, inserts and so on.
During such games, which are aimed at developing tactile function, kids learn to grab, pinch and feel. The use of balls for massage gives a pretty good result.
Classes for the development of tactile functions
The organs of touch are the fingers on the hands, and the most important forces are devoted to improving the receptivity of their receptors. To do this, use the most diverse types of activities that contribute to the improvement of tactile and motor functions. These activities are:
- modeling;
- application;
- application modeling;
- the formation of paper and designer;
- Painting;
- sorting small items;
- the formation of figures from objects of various kinds.
Once a week, you can conduct classes aimed at mastering exercises for the development of tactile sensitivity and complex coordinated hand movements. Improved sensory perception is currently the basis for improving all areas of modern human activity.
Tasks for improving the child’s sensory motility
In order to achieve maximum results, specialists have done a great job. To improve sensory perception, the following tasks were set:
- selection of materials for the development of preschool children ;
- diagnosis of the degree of development of sensory in children.
Sensory education is the ability to navigate in practice in various parameters, such as configuration and size, absorb the shade of an object, and form an integral object. All this is mastered gradually. A great obstacle to achieving this goal is early age. Sensory education needs to be planned and coordinated with basic training so that this type of work does not turn into an additional lesson. That is, a successful combination of activities to know the size, shape and color of an object is possible only if there is a certain physical level of development of the child.
In the development of sensory activity, an important role is played by the mobility of the hands during the implementation of actions for laying objects. Teachers should pay attention to how the child plays with the mosaic, draws with paints, sculpts from plasticine. The comparison of sensory and motor skills is considered the most important condition for the mental development of the child. Separate attention requires a thorough analysis of the training.
Sensory education is the conduct of games and exercises, taking into account the specific characteristics of each baby. Classes should be started with tasks that involve joint actions of parents and the child. In the future, an adult may change his location: be close to the baby, sit opposite him. At the same time, any movement of the child needs to be commented and voiced.
Sensory education of young children is an important stage in the life of a small person, which affects:
- normal functioning of vision, touch, hearing, smell;
- functionality of motor functions and stimulation of activity mobility;
- elimination of muscle tone and mental emotional stress, which is achieved in a relaxed state and comfortable state of health;
- the formation of a positive psycho-emotional background and an increase in the child's ability to work;
- activation of processes such as thinking, attention, perception and memory;
- motivation for autonomous and experimental activity.
Sensory in the smallest
Sensory education of young children is a technique designed to arouse interest in a toy, any cognitive aid that is made of wooden material. This can be matryoshka dolls of large and small sizes, pyramids, inlay cubes, boards with holes of various sizes or shapes, with a set of tabs, tables with mosaics and so on. Specifically, toys made of wood are very important for the development of a child’s sensory, because they have a good texture, are stable during manipulation and performing the simplest movements with them.
How to carry out sensory education? The development of young children depends on their environment. Everything that is around the baby has an effect on:
- normal functioning of vision, touch, hearing;
- functionality of motor functions and stimulation of activity mobility;
- elimination of muscle tone and mental emotional stress, which is achieved with a relaxed state and comfortable health of children;
- the formation of a positive psycho-emotional background and an increase in the child's ability to work;
- activation of processes such as thinking, attention, perception and memory;
- increased motivation for autonomous and experimental activities of children.
Proper development of infants
Why is sensory education so important? Preschool children from the very first months of life perceive the environment with the help of smell and touch. For this reason, from birth to the fourth month, it is necessary to focus specifically on these sensory systems.
The beginning of the formation of the visual system of the baby is an early age. Sensory education at the age of six months includes exercises that train the motor activity of the child. For this purpose, there are the simplest, but rather important methods:
- Touch is a constant physical contact with a mother, sharing a dream with her, laying out crumbs on various surfaces that do not cause allergies, finger exercises that can be started from three months old, carrying a baby in her arms, joint bathing between mother and baby.
- Smelling - the child must perceive the smell of her mother’s body, for this reason the woman does not need to use perfume during close physical contact with the child. At the end of six months, it is necessary to give the children sniff unsharp and pleasant smells.
- Vision - do not bring your own face too close to the baby so that he does not develop strabismus. It is necessary to show white, black and plain objects from two months of life, demonstrate multicolor and bright toys, help to study your own reflection in the mirror, observe the landscape outside the window, talk, listen to pleasant music and much more.
- Taste - after the introduction of the first feeding, you need to diversify the menu.
At this stage, there is no sensory development of children through game activity. It is more like demonstration, study, and observation. The perception of the world through games begins with one year of life.
Development from one year to three years
Sensory education of preschool children is a deliberate improvement of all channels of perception. At the same time, everything happens at a very fast and intense pace. The main activity at this stage of development is considered substantive. It aims to attract various colorful objects. At this age, sensory education is a very important point. The development of children through the game is considered only an additional action, although you can not do without it. A distinctive feature of this period is that the child’s sensory system develops rapidly. It is necessary to give children the following items: a pyramid, a sorter, an insert frame, magic bags for memorizing text.
The child should during this time:
- learn to remove and put on rings of different sizes on the rod;
- get out of pockets and fold back items of various sizes;
- be able to determine a shaggy, soft, smooth and rough surface;
- Know geometric shapes such as square, circle, cube and ball;
- by three years, distinguish the taste of the main products and give preference to the individual;
- to dance to the music.
Orientation to objects at this stage of life is considered the main, because it has a great influence on improving the personality and mental state of the child.
Children from 4 to 6 years old
The most important role is given to the sensory development of preschool children, because during this period assistance is needed in preparing for the newest stage of life - learning. Now, games that are considered the most entertaining and very effective come to the fore. At the same time, the child does not just master the simplest toys, but takes part in role-playing games. It should be noted that kids are very interested in such activities. Didactic games on sensory education are aimed directly at ensuring that children can easily adapt to the proposed conditions.
The importance of the sensory development of a child in preschool age
So, we continue to consider sensory education by age. Preschoolers should be able to form an idea of the external property of an object, to distinguish its shape, color, size, position in space, smell, taste and much more. The sense of sensory development during this period is difficult to underestimate. Such skills form the foundation of the overall mental development of the child. From the moment of perception of objects and phenomena around cognition begins. All its other forms, such as memory, thinking and imagination, are formed on the basis of perception. For this reason, the normal development of intelligence is impossible without full perception.
In kindergartens, children are taught drawing, modeling, designing, familiarize themselves with natural phenomena, and conduct sensory education games. Future students begin to learn the basics of mathematics and grammar. Obtaining knowledge and skills in these areas will require close attention to the most diverse properties of objects. Sensory education is a long and difficult process. It is not limited to a certain age and has its own history. Sensory education of children from an early age is a technique that helps to correctly perceive certain objects in space.
To summarize briefly
- In the first year of life, the child is enriched with impressions, namely, he watches the moving beautiful toys that are matched precisely to such an early age. Sensory education is that the baby, grabbing objects of various configurations and sizes, learns to perceive them correctly.
- At 2-3 years old, children are already trying to independently highlight the color, shape and size of objects, accumulate ideas about the main types of shades and configurations. Also at this age, didactic games of children on sensory education are held.
- From 4 to 6 years, children develop specific standards of sensory. They already have a certain idea of colors, geometric shapes and the ratio of objects among themselves in size.
Engage with your children, and they will surely delight you with their successes in the future!