Villages and houses are being built at a pace that is ahead of the development of public utilities and infrastructure. Electricity networks do not lag behind as fast as gasification, water supply and sewage. For each such system, there are only a couple of alternative options: generators, liquefied gas, wells and wells. While the sewerage of a country house can be equipped with one of the existing technologies, it can be a primitive cesspool, as well as a deep cleaning station, not counting intermediate solutions. With the help of the last of the above-mentioned outputs, you can get water that would be suitable even for watering the garden.
The principle of the cesspool
If you need a local sewage system, then you can choose its simplest variety - a cesspool. The principle of its operation is quite simple, it consists in the fact that sewage, used water, as well as kitchen drains are piped to the drive. It is located in the yard. As it is filled, it is necessary to carry out cleaning with the help of a cesspool machine. Such a system can be of two types: a sealed pit and a pit without a bottom. In the first case, a plastic container is used, which is buried in the ground.
Tips for installing a cesspool without bottom
If a country house is operated as a summer residence, and accommodation is not always provided for in it, it would be more expedient to equip a cesspool, in which there is a filtering bottom. This scheme is suitable if the amount of wastewater does not exceed one cubic meter in 24 hours. Such a solution is possible when the soil is sandy or sandy, and groundwater is located no higher than 2.5 m from the surface. Digging a pit, and the top layer of soil spreads over the site, while 1.5 m 3 of soil should be left for the installation of the insulation layer, which will be located above the ceiling.
Pipes are laid along with the arrangement of the walls, the latter can be concrete or brick. Pipes should be angled to provide natural flow. When a local sewage system is arranged in the form of a cesspool, in the upper part of the second compartment from the surface, it is necessary to lay the pipe, turning it inside the well. After installing the pipes, covers and rings, you can proceed with the installation of hatches. When masonry is used, it is necessary to dig out soil 30 cm at the level of the walls. This will allow laying the concrete slab on the ground and on the walls of the well. The slab is covered with soil to the level of the surface, while the hatch should remain free.
The principle of operation and recommendations for arranging a sealed pit
Local suburban sewage can be implemented by arranging a sealed cesspool. The principle of its operation is that sewage flows through pipes into a sealed container and awaits pumping. The volume of the pit must be calculated, taking into account the volume of effluents that will fall on the family. If you often use a dishwasher and washing machine, as well as intensively take a bath and shower, then the drain hole will have to be cleaned up to 3 times a month. The drive can be made in the form of a plastic container.
Wells are not so tight. An excellent option would be a Eurocube, the volume of which is 1000 liters. For many, it is preferable to such local treatment facilities, sewers in the form of sealed drainage pits should have a ventilation outlet, the diameter of which is 10 cm or more. The end of the pipe is 70 cm above the ground. Pipes are laid at the next stage, trees should not grow along their route, as this may limit access to them if repairs are necessary.
The principle of operation of the septic tank
Quite often in houses and the construction of the countryside a septic tank is equipped. Local sewerage for a small family will be enough. If you decide to use this particular option, then first you need to familiarize yourself with the principle of the system. It provides for the presence of several chambers, the first of which acts as a sump, where effluents from the sewer system go. At this stage, sewage is filtered and decomposed. Under the influence of bacteria, they turn into sludge, clarified water and a gas fraction. Then water enters the next chamber, which is called a filtration well. Gases are removed through the vent.
Such a local sewage system for a country house contains three compartments where water enters and the soil is absorbed. This is ensured by the presence of a drainage layer and perforated walls. This principle of operation allows decomposing effluents into separate components that are not harmful to the environment. Functioning is based on mechanical processes and biological processing methods. At the first stage, domestic wastewater enters the sump, which must be large enough so that the entire volume of waste can fit there. In a few days, heavier inclusions will sink to the bottom. Fluid through the overflow pipes will enter the next compartment, inside which are anaerobic bacteria. They are able to decompose organic compounds into simple fractions. As a result of their activity, carbon dioxide and heat are formed, and after that they are brought out.
Tips for arranging a septic tank
Local sewage treatment can be created on the basis of concrete rings. They will need 9 pieces, among other things, you need to purchase three sewer manholes. At the next stage, three wells are dug, each of which should be three meters deep, while the diameter will be 2.8 m. A concrete pillow is made at the bottom of the first two holes. Next, concrete rings are installed. Moreover, in each pit there will be three rings. The gaps between them should be filled with liquid glass, and the distance from the walls to the rings must be covered with soil.
Pipe installation
Local sewerage in the form of a septic tank should have a pipe as part of which sewage will move. The sewer pipe should be led into the first well at a slight angle. Whereas when connecting the first and second wells, it should be remembered that the pipe should be located 20 cm below. The next pipe, which connects the second and third wells, is located another 20 cm below. Waste water from the first two compartments should not leak. Concrete pillows and water glass will ensure the tightness of the containers. That is why this stage must be given special attention. When a local sewage system is arranged, crushed stone or gravel must be laid on one third well, each of which will act as a filter. If water from the last well will enter the reservoir, then the chlorine cartridge should be laid to the bottom. It is possible to use special bacteria or algae as a filter.
For reference
Local sewerage for the house in the form of a septic tank has many advantages and some negative sides, the latter of which are expressed in the need for a large area for the location of the system. That is why not all property owners can afford the installation. Among other things, it is necessary to monitor the tightness of the compartments so that they do not have cracks. You can take care of this by covering the inner walls of the rings with bitumen or cementing them.
Conclusion
Quite often in suburban homes and buildings within the city today, local treatment facilities are used. Sewers can be made using different technologies, however, one of the simplest is a cesspool. The most preferred is a sealed structure, pipes for which are laid below the depth of the freezing lines of the soil. If this is not possible, then the pipeline requires insulation.