A hipped roof is the perfect solution for homes and gazebos. Performed in the form of a pyramid with 4 isosceles triangles. A square is considered an ideal base, since all faces converge at one top point. But just a rectangle will do. There may also be protrusions of various shapes, such as a semicircular balcony. The roof has a lot of advantages, one of which is a lower price, in comparison with single or double slope options, since the pediment is not required. Construction has a number of features and will require thoroughness due to its complex shape, but, following the directions, it can be erected independently.
Advantages of Tent Roofs
Due to their design, they have a lot of advantages:
- Thanks to the slope, a design with good aerodynamics is obtained from all sides. Such a roof is not afraid of strong winds. It also does not matter at what angle it rains, from any direction it perfectly removes rain and melt water.
- Due to the four-slope design, even with a strong wind and rain, water will not fall into the attic.
- It has an attractive appearance. This is especially true if the house has ledges or even beveled corners. Quite complex base forms, various superstructures and the like are permissible.
- The cost is less than with the construction of a gable roof with gables.
Disadvantages and features
The complex design of the hipped roof requires a careful approach to construction. It has the following features and disadvantages:
- The complexity of the design. It will be necessary to carry out calculations so that all the slope triangles are isosceles. Misalignment of the parties is unacceptable.
- Complexity at the construction stage. Accurate measuring tools and proper handling will be required.
- Houses with tent roofs have a small attic, and its useful volume is especially small. This problem is more relevant for square bases, and the hip structure is used for the rectangle, which significantly increases the volume.
- In the construction of the rafter system for the entire structure should use a tree of the same species. This will eliminate the likelihood of deformation due to the uneven behavior of the tree over time.
Rafter system
What does the rafter system of a tent roof consist of? Let us consider in more detail the design, including the base, load-bearing elements and elements that give rigidity and strength. The rafter system includes:
- Mauerlat;
- diagonal rafters;
- spruces;
- crossbar;
- ridge knot;
- supporting bars.
Mauerlat
The first thing that tent roof projects begin with is the installation of a Mauerlat. This structural element is used for houses with walls of brick, foam concrete, aerated concrete and the like. For wooden frame houses, this role will be played by the upper binding. For walls made of logs or beams, Mauerlat brackets are used. Between him and the wall must be installed waterproofing.
Mauerlat is a wooden block that is mounted on the upper edge of the wall. It is located closer to the outer edge, but on some indent from it. Between him and the wall must be placed waterproofing material to protect the wood. Mauerlat is the link between the wall and the roof frame. It is also necessary for uniform load distribution over the entire surface. Thus, together with the rafters, he creates a reliable design of the hipped roof.
Diagonal rafters
The diagonal rafters are made the most thick and strong, since they support the bulk of the entire structure. They form the geometry of the entire system, as further elements are aimed at increasing strength, securing and creating support on planes. Support bars are attached to the diagonal rafters, to which the sprinklers will be mounted.
For houses with tent roofs, two types of diagonal rafters can be distinguished: hanging and sloping.
Hanging rafters at one end are connected to each other, and the second are attached to the corners to the Mauerlat. Thus, the entire load lies precisely on him, creates a strong bursting horizontal force. For stability of the structure, it is necessary to install puffs fastening the rafters to each other in their lower part. This design comes out somewhat overweight, but is great for roofs with an inclination of planes of more than 40 degrees, and the distance between the outer walls is less than 10 meters. Also in such a rafter system of tent roofs, the internal space remains free and not occupied by partitions, although the puffs eat up part of the height.
Rafter rafters are perfect for tilting surfaces to 40 degrees. This is due to the fact that it is with such a small slope that a significant bursting force is created. The design comes out lighter due to the fact that the rafters do not hang in the air, but rely on supporting elements that distribute part of the weight. The latter, in turn, are mounted on the internal partitions of the house or on the bed. The disadvantage is that the internal supports take part of the useful internal space, limiting it.
For construction, they usually use a beam with a cross section two times wider than for sprigs, namely 100x150 mm. You can also often find the use of double rafters, each of which is of the same cross section as the sprigs.
Skate node or skate
Depending on the shape of the base, a ridge knot or skate will be used. The first is used for roofs with a square base, when all inclined rafters converge at one point. The second option is for rectangular bases, when only two slopes converge at one point and these points must be connected together using a horizontal beam with a section of 100x100 mm. It is worth noting that heifers will be attached to it.
For a square base at the convergence point of all diagonal rafters, a vertical bar with a cross section of 100x100 mm is used, and the height is calculated according to the inclination of the roof. All rafter legs are attached to it , however, the mount should be located in different places for greater structural strength.
The filly
In the photo of the tent roofs you can see different lengths of the overhang. It can protrude slightly or even significantly beyond the outer edge of the wall. A significantly protruding overhang will be relevant for creating a canopy over the porch, terrace or balcony.
However, if the length of the rafters is not enough to make such an overhang, a skate is used. In fact, this is an extension board, which is attached to the edge of the rafter leg, extending it. Perfect for awnings with overhangs of 200 mm or more. Boards are usually selected in a smaller section than for the rafters themselves, since the weight held is noticeably less.
Sill
Lezen is usually a fairly large beam with a square section of 100x100 or 150x150 mm. It is located horizontally and lies on the internal load-bearing structures of the house. It is intended to hold supporting structures that support diagonal slopes. It is necessary for roofs with a small angle of inclination of surfaces, as well as for options with a distance between the outer walls of more than 10 meters.
Racks
Beams of the same diameter as the bed are used. They connect among themselves a ridge knot or a horse with a lying one. In houses with tented roofs, they help redistribute weight by removing part of the load from the Mauerlat. The design is more stable and durable, which is especially true for a large roof area.
Braces, crossbar and tightening
These are all additional elements that help make the structure more durable and stable. Above we found out that puffs are horizontal beams connecting the base of the diagonal rafters. The crossbar is essentially the same, but it connects the rafters already in the upper part, helping to distribute and reduce the bursting force.
Braces are also a wooden beam that abuts at one end in an angle between the lying and the central pillar, and the second end - in the middle of the diagonal rafter, redistributing the weight from the Mauerlat to the internal load-bearing structure of the house.
Harness and Trims
Trimmers are rafters that fill the space of a triangle between the Mauerlat and two diagonal rafters with inclined longitudinal beams. To distribute the load and create a high-quality fastening for the roof, the rafters are interconnected by a strapping - horizontal boards. It should be noted that in the designs of tent roofs, plywood is often laid instead of strapping.
Estimation
Before starting the construction of the tent roof truss, it is necessary to make calculations. A complex structure with four isosceles triangles will require maximum attention and accuracy so that there is no skew, and the rafters converge in the ridge.
Rafter length and area
It is necessary to calculate the length of the rafters and determine the area of the roof in order to calculate how much material is required.
For a square base, we need the length of its side and the height of the roof. In order to calculate the surface area, first you need to find the length of the triangle of one of the slopes. The height of the roof and half the length of either side of the square will serve as legs, and the desired value will be the hypotenuse.
Next, you can find the length of the rafters. Imagine a triangle in which the previously found height will be a leg, and half the length of one of the sides of the square - another leg. Rafters, respectively, another hypotenuse.
Keep in mind that the results obtained rafter lengths and slope heights will not be finite. They do not account for a ledge outside the wall. To calculate the area, it will be necessary to find the additional length of the rafters. Knowing its length and height of the ramp without a ledge, we find the sine of the angle where the rafters will be the hypotenuse, and the height - the leg. Further, knowing the indentation we need, divide it by the obtained sine value and obtain the necessary length for the rafters.
Calculating the area will be quite easy, just take the height of the ramp without taking into account the ledge and multiply by the length of the side of the square, then divide by two. Next, we compare how many times the length of the ramp with the protrusion is longer than it without the protrusion. For example, we get 1.1 times. The resulting area is multiplied by this number. Then we multiply by the number of slopes, namely by 4, and we get the necessary area. It is worth noting that the result will not display the completely necessary material, since the calculations do not take into account the width of the rafters. It will be necessary to take material with a small margin.
The distance between the sprinklers (rafters)
Another important parameter is the distance between the growths. Before you make a tented roof, you need to determine the material of the roof. In many ways, this is what this will depend on the distance between the rafters.
Due to their weight and features, some may be less demanding on distance, and gaps up to 1500 mm will do for them, while others will need no more than 600 mm. Also there is a dependence on the angle of the roof. The smaller the angle, the smaller the distance should be, as there may be a sagging of the roof in between.
Also, depending on the material used, the step of the crate will be calculated.
Photos of houses with a tented roof show how attractive and interesting this option looks. With due attention and careful approach, the project can be completed independently. The hipped roof has the best aerodynamics, the best water drainage, regardless of the angle of incidence of rain drops. And in addition, such roofs are ideal for complex foundations, since superstructures, awnings and various protrusions look organically, there are only calm and smooth forms.