Russia's greatest power in water wealth is second only to Brazil. In this regard, an important and special responsibility is imposed on our country with regard to the protection, respect and use of water resources.
A bit about the problems
Is there enough water wealth of our region for life?
Around the world, the shortage of clean water is growing. Statistics say that today every fourth inhabitant of the Earth lacks one glass of water. About half a million people are short of water.
Large open spaces of Russia have rich natural resources. The water riches of our region can cause even greater global interest in our resources.
The problems associated with the provision of water also affect Russia, since the distribution of groundwater and surface water throughout the country is uneven. The densely populated (80% of the total population) - the Central, Volga and Southern regions - have only 10% of the total water resources. Therefore, rational use and regulation of water resources is of great importance now.
As elsewhere in the world, the main consumers of water are enterprises in the energy industry. However, this is not the problem, but the fact that our capital is seized in large volumes by foreign capital. Today, huge water resources belong to foreign companies (70% or more). This is due to the fact that the Russian leaders and engineers of our enterprises are replaced by foreigners.
Water resources of our region: statistics
Russia is the first in the world in terms of surface and groundwater freshwater reserves . This represents more than 20% of the world's resources. The average river flow per year in Russia is about 4270 km³, which is about 30 thousand m³ per year per person in our country.
In total, the water wealth of our region totals more than 2.5 million rivers (127 thousand are used); 2 million lakes; about 30 thousand reservoirs; 37 systems (largest) of the redistribution of runoff between basins; almost 5 thousand deposits with underground waters. Reserves of all explored deposits contain about 33 km³ per year.
The main sources of water are located in the European North (in Siberia and the Far East). Only 1/5 of the Russian population lives in these areas, and, accordingly, a smaller part of the country's agricultural and industrial potential is concentrated.
In quantitative terms, Russian water resources are composed of static (centuries-old) and renewable reserves.
The share of Russian rivers is 22% of the world level, lakes - 30%, swamps - more than 1/4, glaciers - less than 1%, and groundwater - more than 5%.
In total, in volumetric values, the total natural resources of fresh water in our country are approximately more than 10,100 km s / year. Moreover, the main volume is river runoff water (more than 41%) and soil water (about 34%).
Placement of resources on the territory of Russia. The water wealth of our region, its quality
Russia's water resources are quite large. Nevertheless, many regions of Russia already have and will have serious problems with the water supply to the economy and the population. The reason is mainly in the uneven distribution of water resources throughout the territory, which do not always meet the needs, and a high degree of water pollution.
The water wealth of our region is mainly located on the largest rivers: the Ob (Siberia); Yenisei (Siberia); Lena (Siberia); Cupid (Russia, China, Mongolia); Volga (Russia, Kazakhstan); Kolyma (Yakutia); Don - one of the oldest (Tula region); Khatanga (Krasnoyarsk Territory); Indigirka (flows into the Arctic Ocean); Northern Dvina (Vologda Oblast); Kama - the largest tributary of the river. Volga (European part of Russia).
Russia has rich water resources. The object of our region - the Ob River - has the largest length among all the rivers of Russia - 5410 km.
The water quality of many water bodies is currently unsatisfactory. Today, the following major rivers are classified as “polluted”: the Volga, Kuban, Yenisei, Pechora, Don, Ural, and Seversky Donets. The “dirty” class includes: Iset, Moscow, Ob, Miass, Terek and several others. Their pollution affects the quality of drinking water.
Siberian Resources, Krasnoyarsk Territory
The water resources of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are in the basin of the Arctic Ocean. The main tributaries of the main river of the Yenisei Territory: the right tributaries are the Tuba, Kan, Mana, Big Pete, Kureika, Angara, Podkamennaya Tunguska and Lower Tunguska, Khantayka; left - Big Kheta, Abakan, Yeloguy, Sym, Turukhan.
The Chulym and Ket rivers (middle and upper reaches), which belong to the river basin, also flow here. Ob. In the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory there are large rivers - Khatanga (North-West of Eastern Siberia), Taimyr, Pyasin.
All rivers feed on melting snow in the mountains in spring and summer, also due to rain. Many of the rivers are suitable for rafting and shipping due to their full flow. Many rivers have hydropower resources.
Also on the territory of the region there are large lakes located in the North Siberian lowland. These are
Taimyr and Pyasino
lakes . Several lakes are located on the Central Siberian plateau (Lama, Keta, Glubokoe, Khantayskoye, etc.). On the rivers Yadun and Kureyka there are the largest
waterfalls in Russia.The richest water resources in our country are distinguished by their size and diversity, uneven distribution over the territory (the highest concentration in under-inhabited areas with adverse climatic conditions, and at the same time, depletion of reserves in already well-lived areas).