A chainsaw is a tool designed to process wood using the mechanical energy of combustible fuel. Among the main elements in the design, a chain, a tire and an engine can be distinguished. Thanks to them, fuel energy is converted into mechanical energy, which can significantly reduce workloads.
History of creation
The design, which is used in modern saws, appeared in the IX century. However, only in the XX century. people began to use various types of drives, which made it possible to simplify and speed up the process of sawing wood.
Unfortunately, reliable information about who invented the chainsaw does not exist. It is known that the first person to start using a chain saw on a fuel engine is Andreas Stiel. In honor of him named one of the best brands. The device of the "Calm" chainsaw will be discussed a little below.
Classification
The main types of saws include 3 types:
- Household. They have a simple design and are designed to perform simple work. For example, cut a small tree in your area. Possess light weight and convenient design.
- Semi-professional. They have a large scope, but can not be used daily for 8-10 hours. Most often, knots are cut on them for logging.
- Professional. A powerful tool designed for daily work of 10-16 hours a day throughout the year. They are made of durable materials and are used for felling.
Chainsaw device
Consists of the following components:
- Chain. This is a set of individual links of a certain size, closed in a ring. Care must be taken when choosing a chain. In unprofessional saws, it has a shallow pitch and reduced vibration. In others, the distance between the teeth is greater. It can significantly increase productivity. When replacing, it should be remembered that elements of different production may not fit together.
- The tire. This is a metal plate having a small thickness. Designed to lock the chain. In household saws, cavities between metal layers are filled with special polyamide. Professional equipped with optional interchangeable heads. The tire is of different lengths, which is indicated in the data sheet specifically for each saw separately. With improperly selected sizes, accelerated wear and fuel consumption increase.
- Sprocket and two-stroke engine that drives the chain. It works on gasoline mixed with oil in a certain proportion.
Chainsaw device with additional features
When choosing a tool, you need to pay attention to weight, power, the presence of protective devices and auxiliary elements.
Vibration protection and assistance at start
Fluctuations that occur during work, very much affect human health. Joints are especially affected. The vibration protection system allows you to maintain health and improve comfort at work.
The start system allows you to stop the chainsaw for some periods of time and easily start it if necessary. It helps a lot when you often have to move between trees.
Carb adjustment
Basically, chainsaws do not need additional settings. But sometimes, adjusting screws and levers are used to improve performance. They are necessary for setting optimal operating revolutions.
Chainsaw device "Calm"
The company is the most popular and sought after. You should consider the design on a specific model of this manufacturer.
STIHL MS 180 is used for woodworking and logging. Its weight is about 4 kg, length is 0.35 m and power is 1.5 kW. Power comes from a gasoline engine running on an octane rating of 90 and diluted half with oil.
The Shtil-180 chainsaw device does not differ from most other brands and has the following structural elements:
- Cover.
- Tire, chain and its tensioner. For long interruptions in work, they must be stored in a container with oil.
- Screw for adjustment.
- 4 shock absorbers. Allows to significantly reduce the level of vibration.
- 2 fuel tanks with plugs.
- Carburetor. It is configured at the factory and does not require intervention, but only timely service.
- Valve.
- Catcher with brake.
- Star.
- Levers for switching and fuel supply.
- Silencer
- Emphasis.
- 2 hand protection.
Chainsaw device "Ural"
In the city of Perm, one of the most common brands of chainsaws is produced. This is a professional tool that is designed to perform heavy work. But its use is allowed in simpler conditions. According to the data sheet, the tool can be operated at temperatures from -40 to +40 degrees.
For refueling, a mixture of gasoline fuel of the A-72 or A-93 brand with engine oil is used.
Chainsaw device:
- An engine with a power of 3.68 kW.
- Frame.
- System to eliminate vibration.
- Chain with automatic brake and tensioner.
- The tire.
- Gearbox.
- Levers for management.
- Hydrocline Used to set the direction.
- Start / stop button.
- 1.6 liter fuel tank.
- Asterisks and steering wheel.
Friendship chainsaw device
Like the Ural chainsaw, it consists of the basic elements that are inherent in all tools. This engine, fuel tank, tire with chain, gearbox, frame and start control system.
Also in the construction are additional nodes. This is a crankshaft with a connecting rod, a coupling with a master and a driven disk, a cooling system, power and ignition.
A two-stroke gasoline engine is installed in the saw. Fuel is in the main tank, and oil is in the additional tank. However, such chainsaws cannot be refueled with clean gasoline. A mixture diluted with oil in the required proportions is used. Due to this, all the working parts of the saw are lubricated.
Before starting work, check the chain tension. If it sags, then it should be tightened. This will extend the life of the sprocket, tire and shock absorbers. For an improved start, a brake with a handle, a lever for adjusting the damper and a starter cord are used.
Device of the Chainsaw "Partner"
This is one of the leading companies that specializes in the production of household and semi-professional tools. The most popular and popular models are Partner 350S and P351 XT CHROME. They are perfect for work in the country, in the village or in a private house.
The saw body consists of lightweight plastic, and the case is made of metal. This allows you to protect the bottom of the tool for a longer period of time.
Anti-vibration system allows to reduce the return, and handles of a convenient form provide a comfortable grip. The cylinder is made of chrome. It improves heat dissipation and increases engine life.
A fuel supercharger is located above the tank. It allows you to speed up the process of starting a chainsaw. The fuel pump removes air from the carburetor.
The chain brake is automatically applied or, if necessary, can be activated manually.
Huskvarna chainsaw device
It is a leader in the production of amateur tools, which also produces semi-professional models. The device of the chainsaw can be considered on the example of the Husqvarna 570.
Consists of the following nodes and elements:
- 1.6 kW engine.
- Tire with guide and sprocket. It has 2 options: 13 and 15 inches long.
- Chain. The thickness of 1 link is 1.3 mm.
- Tension adjusting screw.
- Starter handles.
- Chain brake.
- 2 tanks for fuel and oil.
- Cylinder cover.
- Ignition system and carburetor.
- Throttle and choke levers.
- Muffler.
- Protective cover for the right hand.
Chainsaw sharpener
Over time, the chain begins to wear out, and work slows down a lot. Recognizing that sharpening is required is very easy. The applied efforts increase, the chips become shallow, and the working part ceases to climb into the wood.
Sharpening is given a lot of attention. This process requires skill and endurance. It depends on the shape of the tooth and the type of tree to be sawn.
Sharpening with a file is the easiest and most economical way. As devices, a clamp and a pattern are used. The first helps to keep the tire stationary, and the second helps to select and fix the correct angle. After that, the risk of doing something wrong is reduced, since during sharpening the pattern moves along the tire with the help of rollers.
The choice of file depends on the size of the chain. Using a flat tooth limiter is removed.
An important condition is the observance of a certain angle of sharpening. To do this, some manufacturers leave tags that make the process easy to control.
Sometimes the cutting edge loses its shape, and you won’t restore it with a file. If you do not use another device, repair of chainsaws will be necessary in the very near future. Incorrect operation of the circuit will lead to inevitable breakdowns.
In such cases, a sharpening machine is used. It happens with manual and electric drive. After removing and fixing the chain, as well as choosing the right angle, you can start the process.
There are several ways to sharpen. Sequential implies that each tooth is processed separately and one after another. The difference is only in polarity. When grinding through a tooth, every second is processed, while the polarity is maintained.
In large-scale production, automatic sharpening of the chain is used. The method is the fastest and most demanded. The saw is fixed in the machine with a grindstone and turns on. The chain begins to move and sharpen. This method is simple, quick and does not require special skills.
Sharpening the chain with a grinder. Many call this method barbaric and rude. But if you master it, it will become very effective and in demand. You will need a circle for working on metal with already planted edges and a wooden layer. It is installed between the chain and the bus.
With a good eye and an experienced hand, the number of notches can be large, which will allow the saw to work longer.
This method has significant advantages over others. It allows you to reduce time, effort and money.
Chain sharpening nuances
Among the disadvantages when sharpening with a file, the need for a large amount of time and quick wear of the tool can be distinguished.
When using a hand-held machine, do not grind the chain to great depths. This will reduce the power and strength of the teeth.
After sharpening, the chain should be cleaned with compressed air and allowed to rest for several hours.
The method requires a large investment of time and effort, as well as large financial investments. In addition, it is necessary to have several interchangeable circuits in order not to interrupt the work schedule.
Using a grinder, you should be very careful and careful. With a lack of experience, you can not only damage the chain, but also injure yourself. Before you take the grinder in your hands, you should provide yourself with personal protective equipment.
Manufacturer's choice
Undoubtedly, European chainsaw companies are market leaders in any country. Products are distinguished by quality, reliability and long service life. However, her cost is above average.
Therefore, it is worth paying attention to companies issuing budget options. The device of the Chinese assembly chainsaw may be slightly worse, and cost less.
If the tool is necessary for small work in the garden or in the summer cottage, then you should not purchase an expensive and heavy professional model. The Chinese version is perfect for home use. It is much easier to operate, not so heavy, and the cost is much cheaper than that of European firms.