More recently, the main sources of water for private homes were ordinary wells. Today, many owners of suburban areas prefer to drill wells. Such sources, in comparison with wells, have a number of undeniable advantages. The water in the wells is cleaner and the flow rate of such mines is usually higher. The only drawback of the sources of this variety can be considered only the high cost of drilling. Wells for water feedback from the owners of suburban areas, abandoned the wells, earned good. But uninterrupted supply from such sources can be carried out, of course, only with their proper arrangement.
Where to order?
If desired, drilling a well in a suburban area can also be done in a makeshift way. That is, just hire craftsmen who came, for example, to equip such a mine with neighbors. The advantage of this method is primarily the low cost of drilling a well for water. Reviews of the mines equipped in this way, however, unfortunately, are often not very good. After all, no guarantees that water will be supplied to the house in the future will be regularly and without problems in this case no one gives. The owner of the house, who drilled such a well, among other things, will not receive any additional information about it - about the composition of the soil, the quality of the water, or even the flow rate.
Therefore, many owners of suburban areas still recommend applying for licensed companies to equip such a mine. Such organizations usually produce the highest quality water well drilling. Reviews of the mines equipped with such specialists are often quite good.
Is it worth it to order drilling of a licensed company: the opinion of private traders
Of course, this method of arranging an aquifer is, although the most costly, but still the fastest and easiest. Judging by the reviews, licensed companies usually do their job quite well. However, experienced owners of suburban areas still recommend hiring exclusively local firms of this specialization. The price of a well drilling service in this case is likely to be lower. In addition, specialists from only such companies are usually well aware of the features of the soil section in the district. And consequently, after driving a few meters (for which you have to pay in any case), the owner of the summer cottage will not be upset that drilling is not possible in the future due to the rock or large pebbles.
Licensed companies are doing their job, judging by the reviews, usually not bad. But sometimes even such specialists do not issue a well passport to the owner of the site. Experienced summer residents are advised to demand this document after performing work from the masters. It is in the passport that all the data on the well, type of soil, etc. are indicated. Without this document, it will subsequently be difficult to choose the best option for pumping equipment.
Owners of private houses, of course, consider it a disadvantage of such a method of arranging mines primarily its high cost. The price of drilling a well for water when ordering from a licensed company will most likely be at least 2000 r. per meter of penetration. Handicraftsmen can take no more than 1000 rubles for the same work.
Can I drill on my own?
With their own hands, sources of water supply of this type are rarely set up by owners of country houses. Well depths, even the simplest ones - “onto the sand”, are significant, not to mention calcareous artesian ones. And consequently, the arrangement of such mines requires special industrial equipment.
In some cases, manual drilling of water wells can still be done. But only the owners of those sections do so where underground veins lie at a depth of no more than 8-10 m. In this case, a special technology for drilling mines is applied. Reviews about such sources are not bad, but their flow rate in most cases is not too high. The fact is that only the so-called Abyssinian well can be equipped independently on the site. Such shafts are characterized in that they have a small diameter and very shallow depth.
Water well drilling : reviews of Abyssinian wells
As summer residents say on specialized forums on the Internet, it’s really possible to equip such a mine on the site with your own hands and in a short time. The price of water well drilling is high in all regions of Russia. And therefore, the Abyssinian well, equipped on its own, for example, at first, immediately after the purchase of the site, can become a real lifesaver.
However, do-it-yourself well drilling is, according to most owners of suburban areas, still actually difficult and time-consuming. The summer resident, who decided to equip the well in this way, can wait, for example, in such troubles as large stones in the thickness of the soil. The aquifer must be strictly vertical. Having stumbled upon a stone, the drill will surely go to one side. Moreover, such a not too durable tool in this case can simply break.
The process of drilling a water well with your own hands, therefore, is difficult. In addition, experienced summer residents advise equipping mines in a similar way only if it is known for certain that the vein in the selected area does not lie too deep. Otherwise, all work may be wasted.
The Abyssinian wells themselves received good reviews from private traders. Water in such mines is sometimes a little muddy. But in most cases it is suitable not only for watering plants, but also for drinking. The advantages of such wells, many owners of suburban areas, among other things, include the fact that they are easy to equip, including directly in the house or in an insulated outbuilding. Such a well will not freeze even in the coldest winter.
What equipment do companies use?
The location and design depth of the well for water drilling is usually determined by specialists of the same company that was hired for the sinking. In this case, engineers on the site can, for example, conduct surveys using special devices that capture radiation in the soil, taking into account the terrain.
In private suburban areas, in most cases, industrial wells are constructed “on sand”. Such shafts have a depth of up to 50 m. Therefore, for their arrangement, not too powerful installations for drilling water wells are used. Usually a truck just comes to the site, supplemented by auger equipment. Such a tool is a large drill with blades arranged in a spiral. Driving in this case usually takes no more than a few hours.
Drills for water well drilling are made of durable steel. It can be carbon metal or material of grades U8A and U8G (for especially difficult soils). As the hole deepens, they grow with additional elements according to the telescope method. The tool is buried in the ground until a core in the sand layer is reached.
The technology of drilling artesian wells for water is highly complex. In this case, depending on the characteristics of the underlying soil layers, different drilling techniques can be used. Water from such wells is supplied to the house as clean, tasty and high-quality as possible. But the arrangement of such mines is very expensive.
Drills artesian wells in areas usually several owners of allotments at once. The depth of such mines can reach 400 m. Accordingly, the most powerful installations for drilling water wells are most often used on the basis of KAMAZ in this case. Actually, the excavation itself during the construction of mines "on limestone", depending on the composition of the soil, can be carried out both by the screw method and by the percussion method. Drilling of artesian wells, even if the most powerful equipment is used, can take up to several days.
Regardless of the depth of the well for water and its varieties, casing pipes are inserted into it at the final stage to strengthen the walls. Currently, owners of private homes in most cases use plastic material of this type. Such pipes are relatively inexpensive and at the same time serve in water longer than metal.
Pump equipment
At the final stage of drilling the well, a caisson is dug around a casing extending to the surface. This is the name of the pit in which pumping equipment will subsequently be installed. Handicraftsmen are usually limited to actually drilling the well itself, allowing the owners of suburban areas to fill the caisson on their own.
When ordering the construction of a mine in a turnkey licensed company, the owner can save himself from the need to perform this procedure. Specialists of such firms often even pump the mine and install in it everything necessary to provide the house with water equipment.
Mounted in caissons, depending on the depth of the shaft, can be surface pumping stations or deep pumps. Additionally, a storage tank with a relay is usually mounted in the caisson. This avoids interruptions in the water supply of the house during peak periods.
What do you need to drill a well on the site with your own hands?
When arranging a mine on a site without the involvement of specialists, the screw method with washing is usually used. The main equipment used in this case is a homemade drill with a hollow handle and a water pump. Also, for the arrangement of wells with their own hands, a purchased Abyssinian needle can be used. This tool at the drilling stage is responsible for actually laying the shaft. Subsequently, he plays the role of a casing with a filter.
How to make a caisson with your own hands
If drilling a well for water in a country house was not ordered by specialists on a turn-key basis, the owner of a suburban section will have to dig a hole around the casing pipe independently. Making a caisson with your own hands is inexpensive, but somewhat laborious. Usually the owners of suburban areas simply dig holes around the casing pipes and fill their walls and bottom with concrete.
The work in this case is usually done in the following order:
- A hole is dug around a pipe with a length and width of at least 1 m 20 cm and a depth of 2 m;
- the pipe is cut so that it only protrudes slightly above the bottom of the pit;
- the bottom of the caisson is sprinkled with crushed stone and concreted;
- a trench is dug to the pit from the house to lay the pipe and cable of the pump;
- formwork is installed on the pit walls with an indent of 15-20 cm;
- the caisson walls are filled.
Of course, a hole for the pipe should be provided in the concrete walls of the caisson. Laying the line to the well is supposed to be below freezing. For reliability, the external pipe of the domestic water supply can also be additionally insulated. It is easiest to use mineral wool for this purpose. Such material is sold today, including in the form of hollow pipes. Cotton wool of this variety is simply put on sections of the trunk during its assembly.
At the final stage, the selected pumping equipment is installed in the concreted pit and piped. You can close a home-made caisson with boards or a sheet of thick tin. For the winter, such a “cover” should, of course, be insulated in any way possible.
In rocky ground, pipes for external water supply to the well, for obvious reasons, usually do not have to be laid too deep. In this case, in order to avoid freezing, along the pipe on the earth’s surface “walls” of sleepers are installed and expanded space between them is expanded clay. At the same time, a heating cable is pulled in the pipe itself.
Arrangement of the Abyssinian well
Drilling water wells in a summer cottage or in a country house of this kind, as already mentioned, is usually done with one's own hands. Arranging a mine of this type is technically relatively simple. The caisson around such low-power mines is usually not concrete. Country house owners who have drilled such a well often use simple manual or automatic pump columns to supply water.
Such equipment is easiest to purchase in a specialized store. But if you wish, the Abyssinian pump can be made with your own hands. For the assembly of such equipment, owners of suburban areas, for example, often use this technology:
- a piece is cut from a metal pipe for the manufacture of a pump housing;
- they make a piston out of wood and insert it into the body using a rubber ring for sealing.
The check and suction valve when applying such a pump manufacturing technology are holes in the piston body and the bottom of the cylinder.
Useful advice
For pumping water into the house or in the garden storage tank from the Abyssinian well, experienced owners of summer cottages are advised to use exclusively metal or plastic pipes. Rubber hoses are not well suited for this purpose due to the fact that they can compress when the pressure changes.