After completion of the well drilling, you can begin to equip it. A fairly important step is the binding of the well. Such work is carried out according to one of the existing technologies, which differ in functionality, reliability and cost.
Key Features
If you want to leave the top outlet of the well on the street, then you can use it only in the summer. If you connect a water supply to the head in the warm season, you can use the source until the first cold weather. If it is necessary to supply water to the house all year round, the pipeline should be made permanent. To do this, it is placed below the freezing line. This indicates that the entrance to the well should be at a depth of 2 m.
It is necessary to protect the water source not only from freezing, but also from the ingress of debris. Among other things, the equipment must be periodically serviced, and the well cleaned. Therefore, the system must be provided with free access.
Technology Description
Harnessing a well is a whole range of works that involve:
- laying and starting the water supply system;
- installation of equipment;
- ensuring uninterrupted water supply;
- protection of the water source from dirt and freezing.
If we are talking about a standard strapping scheme, then first you need to make an adapter, coffer or pit. The pipeline system in the next step should be designed and laid. Masters have to pick up the pump and filters, mount the accumulator and take care of installing and starting the pump. The well operation will depend on how well-thought-out and high-quality the project will be.
Recommendations regarding adapter, caisson and pit
If the piping of the well will be carried out by you yourself, then, according to consumers, it is important to think about what technology will be used to equip the place of access to water. It could be:
An alternative solution is the construction of a ground structure. However, this option is justified only when the well is in a warm climatic zone. When the temperature drops, the room will require heating, which is unprofitable.
Tying the well will be very simple if you make a pit. It will be possible to obtain additional benefits if there is access to formerly used building materials. One limitation is the groundwater level, which should be quite low, otherwise, as the home craftsmen emphasize, the pit will be flooded. It can be made of concrete rings, bricks or concrete formwork.
Step-by-step description of tying with a pit
If you decide to use a sump as a strapping technology, then first you need to decide on the method of its manufacture. At the next stage, a pit is prepared, the depth of which can reach 2 m, otherwise it will be extremely inconvenient to work inside. Crushed stone is poured at the bottom, after which you can proceed to the manufacture of walls. If necessary, they can be waterproofed, and then sprinkled with expanded clay or gravel around the perimeter.
If the strapping of the well with your own hands is carried out according to the technology of the construction of the pit, then it should be remembered that it has an impressive minus, expressed in low tightness. This prevents the possibility of installation inside the equipment, for this another room should be prepared. The cover can be made of metal, an alternative solution is the use of a concrete slab with a hatch. In each of these cases, thermal insulation is required. You can place the main area of the cover below the top line of the earth. Outside there will be only a hatch.
Equipment selection
The pump acts as the main equipment when tying the well. Without it, water will not enter the pipeline. When choosing it, one should take into account the characteristics of the well and determine the load so that the device is able to cope with the tasks. Among the main selection parameters should be highlighted:
- performance;
- well debit;
- Automation
- well diameter;
- pressure;
- purity of water.
As for productivity, it is determined taking into account water needs. It is important to know this figure as accurately as possible, because the cost depends on the power of the pump. To the need should be added 20%. This is necessary for the reason that sometimes water is needed in a larger volume, among other things, the pump should not work at the limit.
When determining the debit of a well, you should take into account that the productivity of the equipment is selected taking into account the amount of water that the well can provide. If water enters there very slowly, then there is no point in acquiring a powerful pump. It is desirable that it has automatic equipment for autonomous shutdown when water runs out in the well. When working on a dry device, it may burn out.
The scheme of piping the well for water is presented in the article. Among other things, when choosing equipment, you must consider the diameter of the well for the normal operation of the pump. Its diameter should be less than the casing by at least 1 cm. The pressure plays the role of one of the important characteristics. It indicates how high the unit will be able to lift water.
In the calculations, it should be borne in mind that the length of the water supply should be added to the depth of the well. Pay attention to the purity of water. The pump must be designed to contain fine sand fractions in the liquid. If this feature is not provided, then the device will quickly fail.
Harnessing the mouth and its scheme
The wellhead piping scheme is used when working at sources with reservoir pressure that does not exceed hydrostatic. In this case, there is a likelihood of oil and gas manifestations. When using a universal mouth seal through pipes, a locking arrangement is used to eliminate oil and gas occurrences. There are special requirements for it, among them are:
- The ball valve must be in the open position;
- the parameters of the remote nozzle are determined so that the circular groove of the coupling is at the level of the shutter;
- closing of the crane is made only after closing the ram valves.
The aforementioned scheme is used in works that are aimed at routine and overhaul, as well as development of wells with reservoir pressure, which may exceed or equal hydrostatic.
Oil well and features of its binding
The piping of an oil well is a part of the fountain fittings, which is located on the column piping. Intended for one or two downhole pipelines, control and monitoring the flow of medium in the annulus. The upper end of the downhole pipeline is fixed in the coil, which is located on the pipe head.
The production of fountain fittings is carried out at a working pressure in the range from 14 to 140 MPa. In this case, the cross section of the barrel can be equal to a figure from 50 to 150 mm. The fountain tree may have a design in the form of tees or crosses. These parameters are determined by the rows of pipes that descend into the well. Additionally, the system is equipped with cranes or valves.
Gas wells and features of their binding
The binding of gas wells is necessary to connect to the collectors of the collection. Knots and blocks are used to perform technological operations in the field development. The harness is not only a set of works, but also a set of assembly units, which involves welded structures with mating flanges, tees and bends, as well as fittings and adapters.
At the same time, the quality of the joints is improved due to welding work, which does not destroy the seams and assumes the quality that could be obtained in the factory. Nominal bore can vary from 50 to 100 mm, while the working pressure is 14-35 MPa.
Conclusion
To tie the well, a caisson can be used, which is the same pit, but manufactured in the factory. This method is in many cases most preferred. It can be made of various materials, such as metal or plastic. The caisson has undeniable advantages over other strapping methods. Firstly, it is completely sealed. Secondly, it’s easier to install. Thirdly, the caisson can be of almost any size, so the parameters can be selected taking into account the installed equipment. If the groundwater level on the site exceeds 3 m, then a sealed caisson must be installed when binding the well.