Axonometric diagram for water supply, sewage or heating

After reading this article, you will learn how to correctly and quickly display the sewerage, plumbing and heating system on an axonometric diagram.

How to reflect all the elements of communication in the drawing

In order to cope with such a task, you need a program to create graphic drawings, sketches and diagrams. You can open any of the arsenal of construction programs supplemented by such a function, or one with which you are familiar.

Before developing a perspective view, prepare a plan of a building, apartment or other room with communication networks.

Drawing everything is not so difficult, especially if you have experience working with engineering programs. The sketch reflects all the pipes shown on the plan of the house. They are transferred to the electronic version of the axonometric scheme and are reflected at an angle of 45 degrees.

Important! This rule does not apply to horizontal sections. The lines are left unchanged.

How to reflect structural elements in electronic version

The fastest way to build a drawing is by cloning the entire schema. To do this, select the "Insert" command, after which the integrated image is turned over. For the function to execute, it is assigned a value equal to 45 degrees (a number is written in the program).

Having prepared the basis in electronic form, where risers are marked on the plan, they put symbols in the form of dots. A vertical line is drawn to reflect all floors in the building. For the purpose of better perception, overlap panels are reflected in the diagram.

Important! Do not make plates too long. Use the gap.

A feature of the axonometric scheme of sewerage is the reflection of all elements of sanitary devices: urinals, toilets, sinks, drains and other devices for hygienic procedures.

What is reflected in the diagram?

The axonometric figure of the sewage system must show:

1. Pipeline entrances inside the house.
2. Distribution system wiring in the building (risers and branches from them to each floor).
3. The locking and regulating elements of fittings.
4. Adapter rings for pipes with different diameters at their joints.
5. Descent points from the system (tees with plugs).
6. Cranes: watering and fire units.
7. Sewerage equipment, water metering points, control and measuring devices and other components of the sanitary and water supply branch.

What data contribute to the drawing

The introduction of the following indicators describing the water supply system is mandatory when constructing an axonometric diagram. Such information includes:

1. The designation of the risers (usually the area of ​​the leader line).
2. The floor level of each floor of the room, the boundary of the horizontal branch (at the axes of the pipeline), the height of the points of drawdown (marks along the risers).
3. Diameters of system elements.
4. Slope angles of pipelines (with indication of slope).
5. Dimensions (length) of each of the independent sections of the pipeline, which include risers and horizontal branches in millimeters.
6. Coordinating sizes (information of a secondary nature).
7. Designation of nodes for the purpose of detailing the drawing.

In addition to a number of basic data, accompanying documentation is attached to the schemes, including the specification for materials and equipment.

Sketch Design Features

Here, attention is focused on the reflection of devices. If one element climbs onto another, and this happens in most cases, then a dotted line is used to indicate the displacement of the sanitary element in order to achieve a better visual effect.

The axonometric diagram of the water supply should include indications of all pipe diameters. If the toilet is not marked on the tap, then take a diameter of 50 mm, if it is, the minimum diameter should be 100 mm. These numbers are important to remember. For risers in 90% of cases, an indicator of 100 mm is used. Slopes in the same diameter will be 0.02, with an indicator of 50 mm, the slope is set to 0.03.

If you have already applied all the elements, mark the outlets, the diameter of which is larger than that of the risers, they take the number 0.02 as a slope.

At the last stage of drawing up the axonometry, special marks are made based on the characteristics of the site and the construction plan. Here they note the level of freezing of the soil, the location of the foundation, as well as other factors affecting edits.

Features of the drawings

When designing an axonometric diagram, pay attention to such points:

1. Plumbing and other devices connected to the risers and distribution network reflect only when the necessary documentation is not needed in the attached documentation.
2. The zero mark (level of the first floor) is shown on risers, drawing a thin horizontal line. In the case of detailed design, each of the nodes in the drawing is considered separately, reflecting it on an enlarged scale.
3. If necessary, the sketches of diagrams and drawings of water supply networks and sewerage make the legend of shut-off and control valves, watering taps and other system elements.

Axonometric drawings of heating and ventilation branches

When working with utility networks, calculations and graphical visualization act as important components of work on a residential construction project. In addition to the plan of the house and its facade, the package of documents required for construction is supplemented by an axonometric diagram of communications. On it you can clearly study a particular network: water, heating, ventilation. The use of such drawings in the arrangement of complex systems is especially relevant. A perspective view of the heating project simplifies the work of installers in the process.

What to look for when building a sketch

Before reflecting the axonometric diagram of space heating in paper or electronic form, a number of calculations are performed. The scheme itself is based on the collected data:

• heat demand values ​​for the rooms of the building;
• typologies of heating devices, their quantity for each of the rooms;
• basic decisions regarding the entire engineering network: the use of risers, calculation of hydraulic branches and circuits, the procedure for connecting elements of the heating system;
• characteristics of pipeline sections: diameters and lengths of pipe fragments, valves, thermal controllers, hydraulic regulators.

Having received the corresponding calculations, their indicators are entered into the scheme. The axonometric diagram of the heating system necessarily contains the technical characteristics of each of the network nodes (boilers and pumps used), the length and diameter of the pipes, heat consumption and information about other thermal properties of heating devices, such as radiators, convectors, registers.

Starting to work on an axonometric drawing, first of all, the main ring of coolant movement is determined - the path to the farthest from the elements from the boiler and back.

Summarizing the studied, we say that axonometry is performed without fail, regardless of the type of communication system for structures of any type of purpose. Having a graphic drawing before their eyes, installers quickly determine how much work to be done and how exactly the network looks.

If a specialist understands the axonometric heating scheme, and the drawing itself is done correctly without any errors, then during the project execution it is possible to exclude the occurrence of any difficulties associated with the installation of heating system elements, piping and other engineering networks.

In order for the design, and after the installation of the water supply system to be successful, it is necessary to correctly visualize the building itself and the communication branches inside it on a sheet or in electronic form. In this case, the graphic component of the project includes:

• general plan of the building;
• situational scheme;
• facade;
• plans for each floor;
• roof plan;
• axonometric schemes: ventilation, heating, water supply;
• cuts and other concepts.

Remember that when working with a correctly designed axonometry, problems with the installation of utility networks in 99.9% of cases do not arise. Therefore, this stage is so important in the design of the future home or apartment building.