Bityug is a Russian river, which is the left tributary of the Don River. It flows through the territories of Voronezh, Tambov and Lipetsk regions. On its banks are large settlements of the Tambov and Voronezh regions, the city of Nizhny Kislyay.
Bityug, river of the Oka-Don plain: description
The length of the river is 379 kilometers, the basin area is 8840 km². It flows along the Oka-Don plain, which in some places is swampy. The high right bank is covered with deciduous forests, and the left low one is a plowed steppe. The main food of the channel comes from melting snow. Ice on the river lasts from mid-December to almost April. On average, water consumption is 18.2 m³ / s per year.
The following settlements are located on the river and its tributaries: Novopokrovka, Bobrov, Mordovo, Anna, Ertil and others.
This river is very popular among Voronezh lovers of fishing and boating.
Bityug River: photos of landscapes
Some of its sections are hydrological and natural attractions. Back in 1998, the territory of the river in the area with. Talitsky Chamlyk of the Lipetsk region is highlighted as a landscape monument “Upper Bityug River”.
The second section of the landscape monument is located below the village of Anna. To the left of it, the Kurlak River flows into Bityug, the valley of which has a width of 3000 meters. Its slopes are completely covered with oak forests.
The Bityug River has many tributaries: the left - Kurlak, Chigla, Tishanka, Ertil, Mordovka, Mosque, Rybiy Yar, Kislyay and others, the right - Plaskusha, Plota, Maleyka, Anna, Chamlyk, Mosolovka, Toyda.
Ecology of the area
There are many fairly old sugar factories in the Bityug River Basin . Often there were accidental releases of sewage that polluted the river. The Novopokrovsky, Ertilsky and Nizhnekislyaysky sugar factories of the Voronezh region were especially distinguished in this.
The result of such cataclysms is a decrease in dissolved oxygen in water, as a result, water indicators disappear - crayfish, fish die.
Landscapes, fauna and flora
The Bityug River is chosen by Voronezh lovers of fishing and tourism due to its fabulous beauty and an abundance of diverse fish. Various species are found in its waters: pike, tench, ide, rudd, bream, roach, burbot, ruff, perch, chub, crucian carp. Less common are pike perch and catfish.
The flora here is represented by oak forests, reed beds, pine forests rare at this latitude. Numerous sandy beaches, spacious stretches and extensive backwaters, narrow and fast channels - all this is observed when traveling on water. The scheme of the Bityug River is a very winding line, especially near the Chiglinsky zone.
A bit of the history of the settlement of the banks of the river
Bityug is a river with a rather interesting history.
In the distant 1450, on the banks of the Bityug River, the troops of the Moscow Prince Vasily II defeated the Tatars who came from the Kichi-Mohammed horde.
The neighborhood began to be populated in 1613, during the reign of the young tsar Mikhail Romanov. Then there was an urgent need in various ways to replenish the treasury of the state, devastated in "troubled" times.
And one of the ways to implement this measure was to surrender vast uninhabited territories in the southern territories of the country on behalf of the state name “at the mercy”.
Since then, a lot has happened in these places.
In April 1699, Tsar Peter I signed a personal decree according to which Russian people and Cherkas who settled near the Bityug River should be sent to their places of former residence, and all buildings should be burned and no longer allowed to settle here. According to this decree, a punitive detachment was sent there.
The archives preserved records of those times that the order was executed and the inhabitants of these places were exiled, and their homes were burned (1515 yards).
After this, Peter I issued a new decree and palace peasants were relocated to Bityug from the northern and central Russian counties (Poshekhonsky, Yaroslavsky, Kostroma, Rostov, etc.). That was in 1701.
Resettlement led to the deaths of thousands of people who could not stand the difficulties of a long and difficult journey, not adapted to unusual climatic conditions.
Features of the nature of the coast
Bityug is a river with a valley of 3,000 to 7,000 meters on average, and even more than 10 km in the lower reaches. In the floodplain its abundance of lakes. The river is very winding all over, with many old rivers. Sometimes it is divided into two, and sometimes more - up to seven channels.
Another feature of Bityug is that the channel has lake-shaped extensions up to 5 km long and their width is from 40 to 80 m. Depths reach 8 m.
In the upper reaches of the river, the banks are treeless, in the middle (from the village of Anna) deciduous forest grows on the banks, due to which the valley takes on a very picturesque colorful appearance.
Just below the Chigla tributary, already on the right bank begins the southernmost natural Russian pine forest - Khrenovsky pine forest.
The Bityug River is one of the most attractive rivers of the Sub-Steppe of the Russian middle zone. Vast oak forests, pine forests rare for these latitudes, reed beds, golden sandy beaches, narrow channels and much more attract tourists to these amazing and beautiful places.