The blocks from which many people build houses today are elements of a regular rectangular shape. From these building materials, walls and foundations are being erected. The blocks have fairly good characteristics of strength, hardness, as well as a high rate of thermal conductivity, durability, resistance to wear and moisture. There are several types of blocks. By appointment, they are divided into wall ones, for arranging the foundation and thermal insulation. By design, they are full-bodied and with a cellular structure.
Many have already appreciated all the advantages of these materials, and people are concerned about such a question as the laying of blocks. This process is worth considering in great detail, because there are different types of blocks, and each has its own installation rules.
Material benefits
Blocks have several serious advantages, and this has allowed them to become popular. So, you can highlight the high speed of construction. The larger the building material, the less time will be spent on the construction process. Masonry blocks using special technology significantly reduces the amount of cement in the process.
Geometrically correct, these materials allow you to adjust the level at maximum speed. Even if there is the slightest distortion, it will immediately be noticeable. Another major advantage - even people who did not have previous experience in building houses can engage in the construction of these materials.
Construction disadvantages
Not every unit has a comfortable mass, and not every unit is convenient during installation. Reinforced concrete products are almost impossible to use without lifting devices. But even aerated concrete, foam concrete and other elements are difficult to maintain on the site. Most modern block building materials do not like the effects of moisture and can not lie for a long time in the open air.
We prepare a solution for laying blocks
Building solutions have many different features. Regardless of what exactly will be used in the entire masonry, the first row is laid strictly on a cement-sand mortar. It is easy to prepare: for 1 part of cement we take 3 clean sand.
The mixture for working with blocks must be stirred thoroughly. It is much more efficient to use a concrete mixer, since it is very difficult to prepare a lot of mortar by hand. To work with blocks, it is necessary to maintain uniform density with stirring throughout the entire time. First of all, a small amount of water is poured into the mixer, and then all other elements are added. The components of the solution must be mixed for about two minutes. It is very important to remember that building mixtures for aerated concrete blocks, as well as any other building materials, must be used within two hours.
Sand and cement mortar
Many developers traditionally use this mixture. Blocks planted on this type of solution are a guarantee of heat loss, even if it is small. Savings on adhesive mixtures in this case, if any, are not significant.
As for strength, it is the same in any case. If the laying of concrete blocks is performed on a traditional mortar, then the walls will have to be insulated. When glue is used, then the cost of insulation is not needed.
How to make glue
First of all, water is poured into a bucket. Then a dry mixture is poured there. All this must be stirred with a drill. This is best done at low speeds.
The percentage of water and dry mix can be different, it all depends on the manufacturer. So that the glue does not harden, it is better to make it in portions. You can check the correct preparation using a gear trowel. If the mixture for laying blocks is applied very easily, and also passes freely between the teeth, and the grooves do not merge, then everything is correct.
Features of the laying of gas silicate blocks
These products are used for the construction of external walls, various partitions, to fill various frame buildings. The production of gas silicate is very high-tech, so this material has high strength characteristics, low heat conductivity, low weight and excellent environmental friendliness.
Preparatory stage
The laying of gas silicate blocks is most often carried out on a strip type of foundation. Its depth should be approximately 1.8 m. Before proceeding with the laying of the first layer, waterproofing should be performed.
Ruberoid or any other rolled material can be fixed using a traditional cement-sand mortar, for the preparation of which cement and sand are mixed in a ratio of 1: 3. In addition, it is necessary to lay the solution on the roofing material. Then you can go directly to the styling.
Essential tool for masonry blocks
So, you should prepare an electric drill, plastic buckets, trowels, construction level, as well as a mallet and a planer. You will also need a hand, and preferably an electric one, a saw, a square for marking work, a brush, a set of drilled and a grater.
Popular mounting methods
There are two methods by which the laying of gas silicate blocks can be carried out. The first way is to use a traditional solution, the second is done with glue. The price of the solution is at least two times lower than the cost of adhesives.
However, cement-sand mortar is consumed 6 times more than glue. The thickness of the seam using the solution should be about 10-20 mm. This can provoke the appearance of "cold bridges", and then the development of mold, fungus and the accumulation of condensate. That is why many have discovered adhesive compounds. With this material, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the seam and at the same time significantly reduce heat loss.
The thickness of the glue layer should be only 2-3 mm, which will significantly increase the level of thermal insulation. If the laying of blocks on glue is carried out in the winter, then you can find anti-frost agents on sale.
Technology
Since the building block has the correct shape, the process will not be difficult. But the first row should be put very carefully. It is installed on the solution in order to align the surface as horizontally as possible. To improve adhesion, the blocks are moistened.
First, the blocks are laid at the corners, and then they are aligned along the guides. After that, the rest of the elements are laid. Guides for external walls are best done before starting work. The inner walls are laid from the side.
The following layers can already be laid on glue. Also, the composition is applied to the ends. Excess glue is not overwritten. It must be removed with a trowel. You can go to the next row only after 2 hours. During this time, the glue should set, and shrinkage will also occur. Blocks are stacked with an offset of 8 cm. So, the next rows after the first and each next should be offset. This will increase the rigidity of the structure. If you need to align the block, this can be done with a mallet. Irregularities are easily removed with a grater. If it is necessary to cut the block, the gas silicate lends itself perfectly to the impact of the saw.
In the process, every fourth row must be reinforced - the row is ditched, and the reinforcement is installed in the strob along the entire length. Next, the row must be filled with glue or solution. Aerated concrete blocks are laid using the same technology. There are no differences here.
Ceramic construction
Such a block is a microporous stone, the side faces of which are corrugated. The size of one element is larger than traditional brick, which significantly reduces the time of construction work.
Advantages and disadvantages
Among the advantages are high environmental friendliness and the ability to carry out work on their own without the invitation of professionals. Kerambloks have high energy-saving characteristics over the entire service life. Also, these materials are characterized by high strength, incombustibility.
The disadvantages include the high price, as well as fragility during transportation. Also, there are not enough professional builders who actually know what the laying of ceramic blocks is.
Work technology
Before starting the process, the first thing you need to do is waterproofing the foundation. The mixture is applied over the entire width of the wall and try to prevent the formation of voids. The first block is laid from the corner. Cement-sand mortar is used only for the first layer.
The process is greatly facilitated by the presence of groove-ridge joints on this building material. This helps to fix the blocks on a vertical plane. A rubber mallet is used for fitting . Such a tool is enough to exclude chips and adjust the level. As you can see, the laying of blocks, whatever they may be, is not much different from work with bricks. Unless the materials for manufacturing are used different.
How to build a house from expanded clay concrete
This building material has been used for more than half a century. The process of laying the walls of houses from this material is not particularly complicated. Even beginners will cope with it, however, it is necessary to take into account the features of expanded clay concrete and observe the technology.
Composition and types of data blocks
Materials are produced by pressing a mixture of expanded clay, as well as sand, water and cement. The building material is safe, environmentally friendly and ideal for walls. The blocks have a porous structure, they are lightweight and have high thermal insulation characteristics.
These elements may vary in shape and size - this in most cases depends on the particular manufacturer. Products intended for walls can be either full-bodied or hollow. Cavities also come in various shapes and sizes, it all depends on the place of application.
Technology of work
The laying of expanded clay blocks can be performed in various ways. Choosing the right one depends on the desired thickness, the presence of insulation, the type of wall lining. So, it can be stacked in half a block, one element wide with a dressing, 60 cm wide with a dressing and voids, two walls. Whatever the method, all the rules must be strictly followed. The basement part of the foundation should be as flat as possible with waterproofing in two blocks.
The process of laying these building materials is not much different from everyone else. Here, the first block is laid from the corner. A solution up to three centimeters thick is laid directly on the waterproofing material. The position of the block must be strictly controlled by the construction and water levels.
A cord is pulled between the blocks at the corners and the first row is laid along it already. The process must be carried out strictly on a solution of sand and cement. Next comes the second row with dressing and strict control on a vertical plane. The second and subsequent rows can be mounted on adhesives.
Simultaneously with the masonry, it is necessary to reinforce the external and internal walls. This procedure is carried out for every third to fourth row. For this, fittings with a diameter of 8-10 millimeters are most suitable. Sometimes a grid can be used instead. They put the reinforcement in the strobes - they can be ready, or they will have to be done with a grinder. After laying the reinforcement, the gate is filled with cement mortar.
Conclusion
This is how the aerated concrete blocks are laid with their own hands. As you can see, this is really not so difficult. It is enough to abide by the technology, follow all of the above recommendations, and then you will succeed.