The Central Federal District includes 18 territorial entities. And for this reason, it is the largest in their number. There are no republics in the Central Federal District, only oblasts and the only city of federal significance, which is the capital of our country, Moscow. By the way, it is not only the largest city in the entire district, but also its administrative center. However, first things first.
Features
Before considering the composition of the Central Federal District, it is worth noting the attention to the features with which it differs.
So, the Central Federal District was established on May 13, 2000. He has no access to any sea and, accordingly, the ocean. Nevertheless, it is the largest district in terms of population and number of territorial entities, as mentioned above. A little more than 39 million people live in the Central Federal District. This is approximately 26.7% of the total number of citizens of the Russian Federation. The density, by the way, is ~ 60.14 people per km².
The Central Federal District includes two large economic regions, which include 310 cities. These are the Central Black Earth and Central regions. The area occupied by them is 650 205 km². This is approximately 3.8% of the entire territory of Russia. But, despite such small dimensions, the Central Federal District is the basic macro-region of the whole country.
Capital
As mentioned above, the Central Federal District includes Moscow. It occupies the smallest area, when compared with other subjects of the Central Federal District - only 2,511 km². But, despite this, an average of 10 times more people live in Moscow than in other areas of the okrug. The capital numbers 12,330,126 people, according to the latest statistics.
What can you tell about Moscow? After all, this is the capital, and that’s it. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that the city is the largest financial center on a national scale and one of the largest business megacities in the world. And perhaps it would not be superfluous to say that Moscow is in first place among all the cities on our planet in terms of the number of dollar billionaires living on its territory. There are 79 of them. In any case, as of 2011.
And of course, Moscow is the largest transport hub in Russia. For the year, the volume of passenger traffic is about 11.5 billion people.
Moscow region
This is the next most populous subject of the Central Federal District after the capital. The area of the region is approximately 44.4 thousand km². About 7.32 million people live in this territory.
In terms of GRP, the Moscow Region is in third place among all Russian entities. This is a well-developed region, which contributes, incidentally, to the neighborhood with the capital. On the one hand, this fact plays a positive role. But on the other hand, the capital takes over the labor resources of the region. It's just that many people living in the Moscow Region work in a megalopolis. And for this reason, it is their budget that comes to the Moscow budget.
Industry is well developed in this region. In particular, metalworking and mechanical engineering. It produces rocket and space technology, nuclear and thermal power equipment, mainline diesel locomotives, electric trains, buses, wagons, excavators and much more.
Other regions and their significance
The Central Federal District of Russia also includes the Lipetsk Region - a region located on the territory that has been inhabited since the Upper Paleolithic (40-12 thousand years ago). So scientists assure. 85% of the region’s territory is covered with chernozem, and 300 mineral deposits have been identified here. In terms of carbonate reserves, LO is the leader of the Russian Federation.
Speaking about the composition of the federal districts, one cannot but notice the attention included in the Central Federal District Ivanovo region. Indeed, 32.8% of light industry products of the total Russian volume are produced on its territory (indicator No. 1).
Oryol Oblast is also included in the Central Federal District. It is distinguished by its economy, which has a pronounced agrarian-industrial character.
The Tula Region is also included in the Central Federal District. This is one of the most socially disadvantaged regions. Low birth rates, increased mortality, a large number of accidents, poor ecology, and more than 420 thousand people (and ~ 1,500,000 people live in the TO) are pensioners. But here the food industry is developed. The most striking example is the confectionery factory "Yasnaya Polyana", which produces gingerbreads known throughout Russia.
Features of larger areas
Few composition of federal districts boasts such a variety of territorial entities as the Central Federal District. Not all areas were listed above.
There is also Belgorod. It is special in that about 40% of the iron ore reserves of the Russian Federation are concentrated on its territory. A good environmental situation is observed in the Kaluga region. 75.6% of its territory is occupied by sod-podzolic soils. 45.2% of the space is occupied by forests, and the total wood supply, in this regard, is 267.7 million m³.
In the Vladimir region, the environmental situation is bad, but mechanical engineering is well developed. Due to this sphere, about 40% of the industrial product is created.
The Kursk and Tambov regions are also part of the Central Federal District (CFD). The main activity of the first is the extraction and concentration of ore, as well as in mechanical engineering. Industry in the Tambov region is recognized as one of the leading sectors of the regional economy.
The Bryansk region is known for highly developed railway transport and radio electronics. And also timber processing. The Yaroslavl region, which also largely determines the important position of the Central Federal District, is one of the most highly developed regions in the industrial plan. About 300 local enterprises are of state importance. In addition, this area is known for good mineral resources (thin ribbon clays, quartz sand, peat, gravel, etc. are common here).
In the end
As you can see, the Central Federal District is quite solid economically. The composition of the areas, as well as their features, is useful to know. But the last 5 regions have not yet been mentioned. But they are also important.
The Ryazan region, for example, is known for having 103.5 thousand hectares of the most important natural territories on its area. And protected, respectively. In the Smolensk region, livestock farming of the dairy and meat sector is well developed. Agricultural land occupies about 1,750,000 hectares!
Voronezh region is the absolute leader in the whole country in employment. Kostroma is known for having the largest enterprises in the Russian Federation specializing in the production of lifting and oil and gas equipment. And finally, the Tver region, the last. On its territory, manufacturing, construction and trade are developed.
What conclusion can be made? Unequivocal. All areas that are part of the Central Federal District are unique and valuable in their own way. And thanks to each of them, the Central Federal District is the most highly developed in Russia.