Especially stringent requirements are placed on the quality and strength of the floors in a building of any design. Indeed, the preservation of the integrity of the house itself and the safety of the people living in it depend on their reliability. Currently, two types of ceilings are used in construction : beam and beam -free. The former, as more durable, are used much more often.
For different types of houses , they use both ceilings on metal beams, and on wooden, as well as reinforced concrete. The type of load-bearing elements in this case largely depends on the structural features of the building. It is permissible to arrange floors on wooden beams only in small private houses, the height of which does not exceed three floors. In other cases, metal structures are used . They have both their advantages and disadvantages.
Overlappings on metal beams are very strong and reliable. This is one of their main advantages. Such beams can be used for wide enough spans. Since they are subject to deflection, the most rational is the use of a channel and an I-section. Similar elements are installed in spans up to 24 meters wide. In this case, the step between them should be no more than one meter. Metal beams are fireproof and resistant to fungi and microorganisms.
However, they also have a drawback - they are susceptible to corrosion. To make the ceilings on metal beams more reliable, the latter are often wrapped with various materials that impede access to moisture. A similar method is used in order to improve their heat and sound insulation qualities. If repair is necessary, areas affected by corrosion are reinforced with metal plates.
The correct calculation of the overlap on metal beams is very important. The most important thing in this matter is to choose a rental with the necessary characteristics. It should have a sufficient margin of safety in each case. When developing a project, important indicators such as span width, beam pitch, and payload on the floor are taken into account. In this case, the purpose of the latter and its weight are also taken into account. For the attic, the payload should not exceed 75 kg per m 2 . For interfloor and basement - 150 kg per m 2 .
When the device of the floor itself is used, wood rolls or lightweight reinforced concrete slabs are used. Such designs are able to withstand a huge load. Sometimes a monolithic overlap along metal beams is also used. The fact is that arranging the formwork and pouring the span with concrete without additional support from below is quite problematic. In addition, the design is much more reliable. In some cases, for monolithic floors, wooden supporting elements are also used.
The main advantage of such a design as overlapping on metal beams is its strength, as well as the relative ease of maintenance and repair. It can withstand an enormous load, transferring it to the walls and supports, while increasing the stability and rigidity of the whole building.