The roof device is one of the crucial stages of building a house. Among the simplest constructions of this type, gable roofs with straight slopes should be distinguished. To determine the size and configuration of the roof, you should take into account wind and snow loads in your climatic conditions. With a decrease in the angle of inclination, the design acquires the ability to better withstand loads. But a slight angle of inclination precludes the use of an attic. This applies to designs where the angle of inclination is less than 40Λ.
For lightweight buildings, hanging rafters are the most practical and economical option. The rafter legs are connected in pairs with crossbars. These elements are jumpers that provide structural rigidity.
The roof with hanging rafters will rest on the side walls of the building. We build a gable roof with our own hands and taking into account the width of the house. If this value is more than 6 m, then in addition to the crossbars, which will act as the basis for the ceiling, the installation of racks and girders is carried out. The latter are horizontally spaced bars that serve as additional support for the rafters. They will form a slope of the roof.
Installation of the run involves the use of racks. They will rely on the beds. These nodes are bars that are located along the ramp. Racks and beds will act as a skeleton of the walls of the attic. The inclined design allows you to equip a spacious attic or attic for household needs.
If you are thinking about how to properly build a house roof with your own hands, you should think about how reliable and simple it will be if its angle of inclination is equal to the limit of 45 to 50Λ. Such a rafter system is used for installation on residential buildings and buildings for various purposes.
When calculating the amount of material, you should take into account that the rafter system should be light in order to avoid excessive load on the foundation. However, the design should be made robust. The cross-section of lumber is selected with an eye on the dimensions of the elements of the rafter system.
Work on Mauerlat
We build a roof with our own hands with inclined rafters and a room above the room according to a certain algorithm. At the first stage, it is necessary to install a Mauerlat, which is the upper harness and is located on the longitudinal walls of the building. The harness is necessary in order to absorb the pressure of the roofing system and transfer the load to building structures, namely the foundation and walls.
Mauerlat is made of square timber with a maximum side of 150 mm. The material is treated with protective agents that protect it from fire and decay.
Different methods of making Mauerlat
We build a roof in the bathhouse with our own hands according to a technique that involves the presence of a Mauerlat made in different ways. Sometimes rolled wire is embedded in brickwork. By means of this element, the beam is fixed on the wall, and the wire breaks through the holes and tightly twists.
Long steel studs with a diameter of 12 mm or more may be used. They are immured into the masonry. Another method of manufacturing Mauerlat is to use a monolithic concrete beam, in which there will be steel studs. This element is located at the top of the wall. The pitch between the studs is 120 cm or less. The protruding end of the fastener must have a height that is 20 mm greater than the total thickness of the beam and waterproofing. Holes are pre-made in the beam. It is put on the studs and attracted with nuts with wide washers.
Work on the rafter system
We build a roof with our own hands with the obligatory installation of the rafter system. It will consist of elements that are combined into a single whole. The truss truss will have an A-shape and is a rigid structure, working on a spreader.
If the erection of the roof is carried out on a timber structure, then the opposite walls are strengthened with screed from the timber. Its cross section is 100 Γ 150 mm. The beam is located at the level of the ceiling beams . This measure is necessary in order to eliminate the divergence of the walls under load.
Methodology
We build a roof with our own hands, following the technology. At its next stage, on the ceiling, it is necessary to lay the beds, which are additional elements of a square beam with a side of 150 mm. These nodes will act as supports for racks. They are necessary so that the point load is redistributed over the surface of the floor.
We build a four-pitched roof with our own hands using the same technology. In this case, the installation of the bed is carried out along the lines of the walls of the attic. If the attic is not planned to be used, then the beds should be laid under the ridge to install the support posts. If there is a need, then it is possible to splicing the beam, but this is done only in those places where the joint will fall on the beam. Using a metal plate or staple, a spike connection is made.
We build the roof with our own hands, using repeating details that are completely identical to each other. This will create an isosceles gable roof, the mass of which will be distributed evenly under external loads. For this, templates for parts with the same parameters are made. Boards with a cross section of 50 x 150 mm are located on the floor of the house. This will create a triangle of the required height. It will be based on two rafter legs and boards in the form of racks. The connection is carried out with a nail.
With the help of one or two people, you can raise the rack and install it on the central axis of the ceiling. The rafters are mounted on the Mauerlat. Elements during the preparation of the template can be lengthened. The height of the roof will vary.
As soon as you decide on the size, you should perform curly cuts on the rafters. They will be located at the junction with the harness. The rafter leg will rest against the Mauerlat. In this case, a hard connection should be sought. Mounting can be done in a number of ways. The most optimal solution is metal plates. The rafter structure will act as a template, while the support board will allow you to control the height of the trusses.
Work on the pediment
We build the roof with our own hands and with our own forces, acting according to the algorithm. It provides for work on the pediment. This part of the roof will be a continuation of the wall, which is limited by slopes. If you equip a gable structure, then the pediments will have the shape of a triangle.
When installing the truss structure, extreme trusses should be mounted. In the future, they will act as a framework for gables. The verticality of the structures must be checked, and then tracked so that they have the same height. In the upper part of the gables, a ridge run is installed, rafter elements will be mounted to it.
The pediments are sheathed after the completion of roofing, but this can be done at an earlier stage. Installation of boards with a cross section of 50 x 100 or 50 x 150 mm is carried out in the horizontal or vertical direction.
Thermal insulation and roof installation
We build the roof of the house with our own hands, using technology. Next, you can start installing the battens on the rafter system. The distance between the elements of this design is determined taking into account the characteristics of the roofing material, namely its rigidity, dimensions and installation methods. If you purchased flexible materials such as tiles, bituminous coatings or PVC films, then the flooring should be smooth and continuous.
The thermal insulation of the roof must be taken carefully, because heat losses otherwise will be significant. A gable roof is usually made taking into account the use of certain materials. The rafter pitch is calculated taking into account the width of the sheet insulation.
The attic roof device: preparation
The mansard roof should provide for the presence of a hydro and vapor barrier, thermal insulation, as well as roofing material. To build such a system, the following materials and tools will be needed:
- wooden beam;
- board;
- wire;
- nails
- plumb line;
- level;
- hacksaw;
- roulette;
- hammer;
- ax;
- sharp knife.
During the work, a wooden beam is used, the cross section of which is 50 x 100 mm. As for the board, its dimensions should be equal to 150 x 50 mm. You need 80 mm nails. The base of the rafter system in this case will also be Mauerlat. It is made of a powerful board and or timber.
We build a mansard roof of the house with our own hands, step by step studying the technology. To fix the Mauerlat board, metal studs are used, which are mounted in a monolithic concrete beam. When attaching the Mauerlat to the top of the wooden wall, wooden pins are used.
Work on the attic roof
The Mauerlat device provides for high-quality waterproofing of wooden beams. For this, roofing material or other materials with water-repellent characteristics are usually used. Next, you can deal with the device of the sloping roof frame. These manipulations include laying supports under racks, which are located symmetrically relative to the axis of the structure. The step between the supports will be equal to the width of the attic.
The first are U-shaped arches, which will be located on the gables. They consist of two support posts that are connected by a jumper. For the manufacture of racks, a beam is used, its section should not be less than the section of the support under it.
We build the roof of the house with our own hands, looking at the photos step by step. Having become acquainted with them, you will be able to understand that the racks should be installed on a plumb line. A jumper is fixed to them, its horizontalness is checked during installation.
The second arch is made in size of the first arch on another pediment. Between these elements, pull the cord, which is located horizontally. The remaining arches are installed on a rope. The distance between them will depend on the pitch of the rafters.
The arches can be fixed with metal brackets, spiked joints or nails. Then you can proceed with the installation of rafter legs. The lower rafters should be at an acute angle. This will connect the racks to the Mauerlat or the ends of the transverse supports.
The gable roof structure with the attic is installed on the arched system. Before mounting the lower rafter legs, mark the places of their installation on the Mauerlat. If the length of the house will exceed 8 m, then the rafter system should have a ridge beam. Such a device will distribute the load on the frame as evenly as possible.
The upper rafters of the attic roof will be an L-shaped design. The rafters are joined end-to-end using metal or wooden mounting plates. You can use the half-tree cutting method using a bolted connection.
The first pair of rafters is adjusted in place. Then it is dismantled and used as a template. We build a mansard roof with our own hands, gradually studying the process. Having familiarized yourself with it, you will be able to understand that the farms prepared at the previous stage should be installed in the standard order: first the extreme elements go, and then the rest are installed, and a constant leveling must be ensured.
Shed roof for frame house or bath
The rafters are installed on the upper harness at the first stage. The distance between the rafter legs does not need to be determined, since it is equal to the step between the racks of the frame walls. A board 50 x 150 mm will go on racks. The front wall will have a height of 2.5 m, while the rear wall is 2.2 m.
We build a shed roof with our own hands, following the algorithm. The boards are cut into separate segments, the maximum length of which is 2.7 m. The number of parts will be equal to the number of racks on the front wall. For the back wall it must be cut to the same number of racks, their maximum length is 2.4 m. These nodes are installed and fixed with metal corners.
Specialist advice
Extreme details are fastened with jibs. The horizontal and vertical racks are checked, if necessary, the position of the elements is aligned. On the front pillars, the element should be recaptured at a height of 2.5 m, on the rear pillars the height will be 2.2 m. A side board is installed according to the marks. Excess racks are sawn off.
On top of the ends of the racks installed strapping, mounted on top of another. Two rafter legs are installed along the side walls. Then you can proceed with the construction of a continuous crate of moisture-proof plywood. We build the roof of the barn with our own hands, installing the sheets in a run-up. A gap should be left around the perimeter of each element to ensure thermal expansion.
A waterproofing carpet is installed on top. The roof will be gently sloping, so a sparse grill will not fit. We build the roof of the frame house with our own hands, cutting a hole under the chimney before laying the coating. Around and along the eaves of the roof, additional waterproofing strips are laid. A roof covering is laid on top of the flooring. We build a shed roof of the garage with our own hands using the same technology. At the final stage, you can lay corrugated board, bitumen-polymer material, as well as steel sheets.