Every year, the number of people wishing to gain citizenship of our country increases several times. Ha this everyone has their own reasons. But in order to take possession of a Russian passport, one desire is not enough. We need a good reason for obtaining Russian citizenship.
Turning to the law
To understand who has the right to count on obtaining a Russian passport, you must refer to the federal law "On Citizenship of the Russian Federation" dated 05/31/2002. To be more precise - to chapter No. 11. It is there that you can find answers to the question regarding what grounds for obtaining Russian citizenship exist today. Four points are registered. So, the passport of the Russian Federation can be purchased:
- By birth.
- Through the restoration of Russian citizenship.
- As a result of the assignment of immigrant status as a subject of our country.
- For other reasons stipulated by the applicable Federal Law or an agreement of the Russian Federation of international importance.
In general, these provisions are very vague, so it is worth delving into the study of the details in order to understand this topic.
General order
The 13th article of the aforementioned Federal Law describes in detail how to obtain citizenship of the Russian Federation on a common basis. It says that every adult capable person has the right to do so. But only if he:
- Undertakes to comply with state law and the Constitution.
- Has a legitimate source of income for subsistence.
- Refused from previous citizenship. But there are exceptions provided for by the international treaty of the Russian Federation and the Federal law.
- He speaks Russian at a conversational level.
- He lives in Russia for 5 years from the moment he was granted a residence permit. This period is considered continuous if a person left the country for no more than 3 months in one year.
Exceptions
There are interesting nuances regarding the last point. The period of residence may be reduced to one year if the person applying for citizenship:
- He has high achievements in the field of culture, technology and science, or a profession of interest to the Russian Federation.
- Needs political asylum.
- Is a refugee.
And some people do not even need a single reason to obtain Russian citizenship from the above. This applies to individuals with special merits to Russia. The same applies to citizens of states that were formerly part of the USSR, who served at least three years under a contract with the RF Armed Forces or other military units.
Simplified circuit
So, the reasons for obtaining Russian citizenship were briefly described above . In a simplified manner, everything looks even more elementary and simple. To understand the essence of the process, you only need to familiarize yourself with the 14th article of the same federal law. It talks about the categories of people who have the right to apply without getting a residence permit and not living the prescribed five years. So these are foreigners who:
- Previously had CCCP citizenship or were born on the territory of the RSFSR.
- They have at least one parent with the citizenship of the Russian Federation, who also lives in Russia.
- Previously, they had a USSR passport, but at the moment they did not have any passport. That is, they are stateless.
These cases are the simplest and most common. All three grounds for obtaining citizenship are significant. Many people issued passports on these conditions.
Other categories
Yes, that's not all. There are other reasons for obtaining Russian citizenship in a simplified manner. Immigrants can apply for and obtain a Russian passport if they:
- They are disabled and have an adult child with a Russian passport.
- They have been married for more than three years to a person who is a Russian.
- Have a child with citizenship of the Russian Federation. In this case, approval of the application is permissible if the second parent, a former Russian citizen, turns out to be incompetent, deprived / limited of custody, missing or dead.
- Have an adult legally incapacitated child with Russian citizenship. In this case, the application is approved subject to the same conditions that were listed in the previous paragraph.
- After graduating from 01.07.2002, they received higher education in the main educational programs with state accreditation, and worked for the good of Russia at least three years after graduation, paying the due taxes to the Pension Fund.
- They carry out legal entrepreneurial activity in the territory of the Russian Federation for three years. In this case, the amount of fees and taxes paid should be at least 1 000 000 rubles.
- Invest at least 10% in an enterprise operating according to the type of activity established by the Government of the Russian Federation. Its authorized capital must be equal to a minimum of 100 million rubles. The amount of taxes and fees paid by the entrepreneur should start from 6 000 000 r.
- For three years they have been working in the profession, which is on the list of specialties that allow simplified acquisition of citizenship by a foreigner.
As you can see, there are not so few ways to get a Russian passport. A person who does not suit one can always use the other. If not everyone is capable of investing several million rubles in business development, then it is quite possible to get a required specialty and work on it for several years.
Getting RVP
The most difficult stage involves the issuance of a temporary residence permit (RVP). This is the first stage after obtaining a visa, which will have to go through a foreigner who does not have a preferential basis for obtaining Russian citizenship. For its execution, however, almost the same documents are needed. Here is a list of them:
- Statement of the established sample in duplicate.
- National and foreign passports.
- Copy of spouse's passport, if any.
- Marriage certificate.
- Two photos. For a stateless person, three.
- Birth certificates of children (if any).
- Migration card.
- Registration document.
- Medical certificate about the absence of dangerous diseases.
- The results of the exam in the Russian language and history of the Russian Federation.
- Fingerprinting.
- State duty payment receipt.
It usually takes 2 months to wait for a decision. Then, shortly before the expiration of the first year after the issuance of the RVP, the foreigner will need to provide the FMS with a certificate confirming his income.
Getting a residence permit
So, it was said above that the grounds and procedure for obtaining Russian citizenship are determined by the Federal Law. In principle, the possibilities to become a subject of Russia are much greater than it seems. But not all people correspond to any of the above categories. Many have to apply for a residence permit. And here is the circle of applicants eligible to receive this document:
- Adult foreigners who have received RVP in the Russian Federation.
- Highly qualified specialists.
- Disabled persons with a guardian who has a RVP, residence permit or citizenship of the Russian Federation.
- Nationals of Turkmenistan and Belarus.
- Native Russian speakers with supporting documents.
- Persons participating in the resettlement program.
- Political refugees.
- People who in the past renounced citizenship of the Russian Federation.
Persons belonging to these categories are usually issued a residence permit.
Submission of documents on a common basis
Well, all the nuances regarding the preliminary processes have been listed. And if a person who has the basis for obtaining citizenship of the Russian Federation takes all of them into account, then he can start collecting documents and go to the FMS to submit an application. Here's what you need to show:
- Application form.
- Residence permit.
- Foreign passport (must remain valid for another 6 months).
- Birth and marriage certificate (if the applicant changed his last name in connection with him).
- Extract from the house book.
- Copy of personal account.
- Apostille diploma.
- Refusal of previous citizenship.
- Pension certificate (if any).
- Russian language exam results.
- Receipt of payment of state duty (at the moment the amount is 2,000 r).
It is important to note that the passport must bear a stamp confirming the right of a foreigner to temporarily live in the territory of the Russian Federation. A notarized copy of this page will also be required.
The list of documents for "preferential" cases
As you might guess, the grounds for simplified acquisition of citizenship of the Russian Federation imply the provision by an immigrant of a less voluminous package of documents. And there is. The list consists of only 7 subitems. Here's what you need to show:
- Profile.
- Certificates confirming the identity of the applicant.
- Certificate of current citizenship or its absence.
- Registration.
- A document confirming the change of surname (if any).
- Three photographs (black and white or color).
- State duty receipt.
This is the main list of papers. Of course, depending on the specific case, it will be replenished. Name any three reasons for obtaining Russian citizenship - and get a few more lists with the same number of points. This may include a certificate of the applicant’s citizenship of the USSR, a document of incapacity, a diploma, a paper on employment, etc. In any case, the list must be clarified individually.
Reintegration
This is the name of the procedure that allows a person to return the previously lost status of a citizen of the Russian Federation. To carry it out, you need to submit the following list of documents:
- Statement of established form (2 copies).
- Documents on assignment of a residence permit.
- A certificate confirming the fact that a person has really previously lost Russian citizenship.
- Proof of legal source of income.
- Russian language exam results.
- Refusal of previous citizenship.
If all the papers are collected, then reintegration will be carried out quickly. Legislation is most loyal to this procedure.
Conditions for children
If foreigners who decide to obtain Russian citizenship have children, then they will also have to collect a similar package of documents.
A child between the ages of 14 and 18 will have to give written consent. It will confirm his readiness and personal conscious desire to obtain Russian citizenship. If the child is under 14 years old, then this consent is filled in by two parents. Children must also be present when applying to the FMS. The exception is only those who have not yet entered a conscious age.
Timing and Pending
Many more nuances can be told about the basis and procedure for obtaining Russian citizenship. It is impossible not to mention the timing.
The procedure for obtaining Russian citizenship is complex and lengthy. If a foreigner submits documents on a common basis, then he will have to wait up to one year. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that you carefully collect documents for submission. An error will be detected - you have to start all over again.
If a person submits an application under simplified conditions, then the waiting period will be about six months. It can be reduced to three months. But only if the immigrant is a native speaker of the Russian language, a citizen of Belarus, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, or a participant in the resettlement program.
In any case, the person will be informed about the decision of the FMS within 30 days from the date of its adoption.
Who can be denied?
Now that every basis for obtaining Russian citizenship has been studied, one can turn to article No. 16. It describes situations in which immigrants may be legally refused to issue a Russian passport. So, a person should not count on obtaining citizenship of the Russian Federation if he:
- He actively advocates for a change in the Constitution or in any other way poses a threat to the country's security.
- One way or another connected with interethnic, international or inter-territorial conflicts. This category includes terrorists, extremists, as well as all persons who have any relation to them.
- Participated in the preparation or committed actions for which the legislation of the Russian Federation provides for civil law, administrative, or criminal liability.
- It has restrictions on entry into the territory of Russia due to the fact that he was previously expelled from the country for one reason or another.
- When applying, he reported false information about himself.
- Serves for the benefit of another state (exceptions are possible).
- Has an outstanding or unrequited criminal record imposed for a deliberate violation of the law.
- It is a suspect / prosecuted for a crime.
Based on all of the above, it is safe to say that the grounds for refusing to obtain citizenship of the Russian Federation are really weighty and logically reasoned.