Mankind faces many serious challenges. One of them is to find an effective way to purify water coming from natural sources. The latter should be understood as wells, wells , etc. Today, there are many methods for how to remove harmful impurities or reduce their amount to a minimum. Let's see what water purification from iron from the well is best for us. Consider each method and talk about its advantages and disadvantages.
General information
Most often, this problem is faced by people living in country houses, or summer residents. This is mainly due to the lack of high-quality drinking water in the pipeline. If there is a large garden, then it can be watered only from the well, because most of us do not have water around the clock and with such pressure as we would like. If you are a businessman and extract water from artesian sources, and then sell it, you should be aware that it is strictly forbidden to sell the product without purification. This applies not only to the removal of impurities, but also to other processing, for example, a decrease in stiffness. Often we deal with water, which contains from 2 to 10 ml / l of iron, from 0.1 to 2 mg / l of manganese. We can safely say that it is undesirable to drink such a product. For this reason, the purification of water from iron from the well is an extremely important point. Let's take a closer look at this issue.
Promising Cleaning Methods
Regardless of the purpose of your well, water must be submitted for analysis. The only exceptions are when you use the source for non-drinking purposes. For example, to water the garden or to care for the lawn. In the best case, this issue must be resolved at the design stage. But, as practice shows, only 25% do so. In any case, it is necessary to donate water for chemical and bacteriological analysis at the SES. Only after that you need to decide which cleaning system will be installed. It is advisable to talk with your neighbors and find out what kind of water they have. Today there are several effective ways to clean artesian and other natural sources:
- mechanical;
- ozonation;
- chlorination;
- aeration
- reverse osmosis.
If the results of the analysis from the SES are positive, then the water can not be cleaned at all. But this applies only to those sources that are not used for drinking purposes. These include wells for fire tanks, irrigation of land, etc. Let's take a closer look at which water purification from iron from a well is more rational. There are many important points.
Water purification from iron by aeration
This method is good in that, in addition to iron, it also removes harmful impurities such as manganese and hydrogen sulfide, as well as some other organic compounds. The principle of this method is quite simple, it consists in the oxidation of impurities with oxygen. The method is good because it affects a large number of harmful inclusions, but some are not effective enough. As a result of aeration of water, insoluble compounds appear which are removed by filtration or sludge. With a large pump capacity, coagulants are added, which help to accelerate the connection of particles, therefore, they can be removed faster. It is safe to single out several indisputable advantages of aeration of water from a well. Firstly, these are low costs, but this applies only to non-pressure systems, which consist of a tank, pump and compressor. After aeration, water is protected from microorganisms, since oxygen is an effective oxidizing agent. No need to once again talk about the environmental friendliness of the method - no chemistry. In addition, oxygenated water is delicious.
Mechanical restoration
This cleaning method is intended solely for the removal of mechanical impurities and oil products. Mechanical processing is present in all natural sources, as the first step. This is a filter that will remove any impurities and inclusions visible to the human eye. As noted above, after aeration of water, compounds are formed that must be removed. So, most often they are "caught" by machining. Often install two-stage systems. At the first stage, a filtering device is mounted. As a filler, quartz sand, activated carbon, sulfonated coal, etc. can be used. A film filter is placed at the second stage, which purifies the water better. We can say with confidence that mechanical systems seem to prepare the liquid for finer cleaning, such as aeration, reverse osmosis, etc. The advantages of this method are that after a certain period of use, the filter can simply be washed or treated with chlorination.
About reverse osmosis
This treatment method allows you to remove almost all impurities from water, with the exception of inclusions the size of a water molecule. To a large extent, gases such as hydrogen sulfide, as well as fluorine and chlorine, should be included here. It is worth paying your attention to the fact that the purification of water from ferrous iron is best carried out precisely by osmosis. But the use of such a system implies compliance with some simple rules. Firstly, this pressure in front of the filter is at least 3 atmospheres. Otherwise, osmosis will not work. In general, the higher the pressure, the better the overall system performance. But there are also problems. The membrane is extremely sensitive to inclusions such as hydrogen sulfide, fluorine and chlorine. The high content of these elements in water leads to accelerated destruction of osmosis. To avoid this, install 2-3-stage carbon filters.
On the advantages and disadvantages of reverse osmosis
It will not be amiss to say that such a system has many advantages. Among them, a high degree of purification and removal of inclusions such as sodium and potassium salts. Only osmosis allows you to remove these elements. However, such a system is not without drawbacks. The main one is a high degree of purification. "Why is it bad?" - you ask. In fact, this is one and the same thing as drinking discs. For this reason, liquid purified by reverse osmosis is not recommended for drinking water. In addition to the fact that the membrane is sensitive to certain inclusions, the equipment itself is quite expensive and complicated. This is due to the fact that mineralizers are often added. From the foregoing, it can be concluded that reverse osmosis is advisable only when other treatment methods cannot be used.
A little bit about chlorination
We all know that a substance such as chlorine is used as the main disinfectant in central water pipelines. It provides epidemic safety, as it destroys all viruses and pathogenic microorganisms. But we can say with confidence that direct chlorination of water, especially from natural sources, is used less and less. This is due to certain harm. Since chlorine enters into a chemical reaction in contact with water, free radicals are formed - unstable molecules that do not affect the cells of the body in the best way. In principle, chlorination can be used, but it is better to do this along with ozonation or reverse osmosis. The method is relevant only when water purification from iron from the well is carried out for industrial purposes.
All about ozonation
Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent that converts most harmful inclusions into insoluble impurities. Ozonation is possible only using special generators that produce this element. This method is excellent for removing heavy salts, as well as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. Effective water purification from dissolved iron by 95-99% is possible only by ozonation, the same applies to manganese inclusions. The principle of the system is exactly the same as during aeration, only the oxidizer is more powerful. Formed insoluble compounds are removed by carbon or quartz filters. Water purification from natural sources, wells in particular, guarantees complete disinfection of water. The method is also good because ozone decomposes quite quickly into oxygen and slightly improves the quality of the product. The method is becoming increasingly relevant, especially after the cost of ozone generators has fallen.
Reagent and non-reagent water purification from iron
Reagent systems require the presence of one or another reagent, which is needed to restore the filter properties or normal operation of the system as a whole. It is easy to conclude that reagent-free systems require nothing but the usual periodic flushing. This method of iron removal is good because there are no consumables. A system of this kind needs to be replaced only once every few years. A good method for purifying water from natural sources. Well removes suspended and dissolved iron, as well as manganese and hydrogen sulfide. Unfortunately, the method is often not applicable, especially in cases where the iron content exceeds 10 mg / l. Low pH values of water also impede the use of this cleaning method. In this case, it is better to use a reagent (oxidizing agent).
Electrochemical cleaning
This method appeared not so long ago, so it has not yet received wide distribution. The principle of electrochemical cleaning is that electric direct current is passed through contaminated water. As soon as it comes into contact with the liquid, chemical reactions will occur in the latter, resulting in the formation of insoluble substances that must be removed by mechanical cleaning. The method is relevant only for sources with an industrial purpose. If water purification from iron by ozone is used not only for industrial facilities, then the electrochemical method has been created just for this. This is due to the fact that during the ongoing reactions it is difficult to control the organic composition of the liquid. Electrochemical cleaning requires sophisticated equipment and creates a high load on the network.
UV water treatment
This method is not particularly popular, due to the complexity of the system as a whole and insufficient efficiency. If the purification of drinking water from iron by aeration or ozone is considered the main way, then ultraviolet irradiation, like chlorination, is preferable to use as an additional filter. If the fluid has optimal performance, then this is a completely different matter. Studies have shown that with good water quality it is permissible to use ultraviolet as the main treatment system. This solution is being implemented along with the installation of mechanical filters. For example, water purification from KIA iron is considered to be a rather effective, but expensive method.
Some important details
So we talked about what water purification from iron impurities is and what it is for. As you can see, it is simply impossible to do without it, especially if drinking water is extracted from the source. Regardless of the purpose, it is necessary to install mechanical filters that remove insoluble compounds. But this is only the first step. By the way, water purification from KIA iron implies a rather interesting system. Its essence is that there is a mechanical filter in front of the pump, then a fine filter, and at the outlet there is another mechanical filter. Now you will understand why this is necessary. The fact is that the water from the source always has some insoluble compounds, and they must be removed before aeration or ozonation. After cleaning, such inclusions appear again, and again they must be weeded out.
Conclusion
As you can see, everything is not so complicated here. The first thing you need to do is to submit water for analysis to the SES. Based on the results, install a specific cleaning system. If the quality as a whole is not bad, then gravity aeration or ultraviolet can be used. If the water is not the best, then use reverse osmosis or ozonation. In any case, there are quite a few solutions, the main thing is to choose the right option. By the way, do not think that industrial purification of water from iron is something superfluous, in fact, it is not at all. Untreated fluid is sometimes unsuitable for any use.