Scissors - a multifunctional and very useful tool with a thousand-year history. Its construction has undergone only minor changes since the invention of the century. There are a lot of types of scissors. There are universal and special tools that are used in almost all spheres of human activity.
Household
Universal, household, household - they can be called as you like. This view is characterized by a simple characteristic design and straight blades. Each person in the house will have at least a couple of such scissors. They are designed for cutting paper, fabric, thread trimming, etc. Often used in the kitchen.
Household scissors differ in size, shape and material of the handle, the metal from which the blades are made, and the shape of the sharpening. There are models for righties and lefties. When buying, first of all, you need to pay attention to the quality of steel - stainless steel blades will last a long time, while a lower-quality alloy will quickly become dull and become covered with rust. The configuration and material of the handle also matter: the anatomically correct shape will provide comfort during work, and non-slip plastic or silicone - safety.
Kitchen
These tools are designed to create a variety of culinary masterpieces. There are several types of scissors:
- Universal. That is, ordinary household, but they received a permanent residence permit in the temple of gluttony. For hygienic reasons, they should not be used anywhere after this.
- Multifunctional. They are distinguished by a wide and convenient handle and various additions - a recess for chopping nuts, a modified edge of one of the blades, designed to open bottles, a finely serrated cutting edge, etc. Sometimes a spring is provided in the design - it makes it easier to work, as a person needs to apply less effort.
- Specialized.
The latter, in turn, are divided as follows:
- For meat and poultry. The blades in them are curved, and the handle has widely spaced handles, which will provide maximum compression. Often equipped with a spring, which helps to gain a gain effect. This type of scissors is particularly durable and can cut not only meat and skin, but also small bones.
- For greens. They can be recognized by several parallel blades. This design allows you to perform a large amount of work in a short time.
Stationery
This view also almost coincides with the universal scissors. They differ only in that under the clerical usually understand scissors in the range from 130 to 240 mm. But most people prefer to have a model in the office in the range from 160 to 210 mm.
High-quality stationery tools are made of hardened stainless steel. Such products can be either all-metal, which makes them more durable and durable, as well as with a plastic or silicone handle, round, oval, ellipsoid or ergonomic, symmetrical or asymmetric in shape. Often on sale there are models with a titanium or nickel coating, double and triple sharpening.
Hairdressing salons
There are four main varieties of scissors for working in a hairdresser:
- Straight scissors. Designed for haircuts and thinning. They differ from household ones in special sharpness, sharpening angle and the presence of sharp tips (in universal ones the tips are often rounded). Straight barber scissors differ in the length of the blade: there are long (6 cm), medium (5 cm) and short (4.5 cm).
- Thinning. They are divided into two-sided (both canvases) and one-sided (one cloth with teeth). The latter cut more hair when working.
- Flagged. One canvas is serrated or straight on them, and a curly nozzle is put on another. Designed for haircuts and thinning.
- Hot. In shape - ordinary straight scissors, but in fact it is an electric device that can heat the blades to the desired temperature. When working, hot canvases “seal” a section of hair, which is why they do not split for a long time and do not dry out.
There are also manicure and cuticle removers.
For cutting and sewing
When working with fabric, it is important to use the right tool. And with ordinary universal scissors it is not always possible to qualitatively cut a light chiffon or dense drape.
So professionals use such devices:
- For cutting. Standard scissors with straight blades 25 cm long.
- For thread trimming. They have an unusual shape, somewhat reminiscent of tweezers. They are used for trimming threads and for opening seams.
- For embroidery. They are also called “herons” because of their bizarre curved shape. An indispensable tool for creating carved embroidery and appliqués.
- Zigzag. With this tool, the edges of fabrics that do not need firmware are trimmed. On sale there are models with different spacing of teeth, usually from 5 to 7 mm.
- For silk. Micro-sharpening tool for a perfect cut.
- With rounded ends. They allow you to cut complex curved patterns and multilayer fabrics without notches.
- Folding. These are mini scissors for a tailor's travel kit.
Scissors for metal: general classification
Modern metal cutting scissors cope with both thin-sheet and significant thickness material. They are divided into many types and types and differ in both appearance and application.
Professional metal scissors are classified according to several criteria. By cutting type:
- Knife They, in turn, are classified according to the direction of the cut into left and right. And according to the shape of the cut - into curves and straight lines.
- Cutting.
By degree of mechanization:
Manual scissors for metal
Now we dwell in more detail on the hand tool. It includes all those devices for the operation of which it is necessary to use the physical strength of a person.
This is a large subgroup of the most diverse tools, among which the following types of scissors can be distinguished:
- Ordinary. They are made with straight, curved or combined blades. Designed for cutting sheets of steel and non-ferrous metal up to 1.5 mm thick.
- Lever Attached to the workbench. The blades are connected to the handle by a hinge, which creates an additional lever and facilitates labor. The tool cuts sheets up to 2.5 mm thick.
- Chair or roofing. One handle is clamped in a vice or driven into a rigid base, which provides more compression force. You can cut profiled sheets up to 2.5 mm, but this tool is inefficient and inconvenient.
- Hydraulic. This is a separate group of cutting tools. Hydraulic shears are divided into manual (compact portable devices for cutting cables and fittings up to 20 mm thick) and large (mechanisms that are attached to the base machine, and with which they dismantle metal structures and dispose of old cars, boats, trains, etc.) .
- Roller scissors. They are also called disk. As the working part in the design, circular knives are used , which, when rotated, cut the metal. Usually in such models there are 2 rollers - one on top and one on the bottom, and the workpiece is fed between them.
If the rollers are parallel, then the tool is designed to cut sheet metal into strips. If one disk is inclined, then the device is used for cutting ring and disk blanks. If both rollers are tilted, then the scissors are designed to work with discs and circles of small radius.
Electric shears: types
These tools are classified by type of food and by appointment. Electric scissors can be divided into 2 main categories according to the type of power used: mains and battery. Networked ones receive electric energy from the network through a cord, rechargeable batteries have energy reserves and are more mobile, but need recharging.
By appointment, electric scissors are divided into:
- leafy;
- spline;
- cutting down.
Sheet cut metal up to 3-5 mm thick. Structurally, they resemble ordinary ones, in which one blade moves, and the second does not. Cutting with this tool can only start from the edge of the sheet.
Slotted structurally differ in the shape of the blades: the upper one is U-shaped with two cutting edges and does not move during operation, the lower one makes reciprocating movements.
The advantages of the device are that its cutting part is narrow and allows cutting even in hard-to-reach places, and cutting can be started from anywhere on the sheet. Cons is that it is one of the weakest scissors with a maximum workpiece thickness of up to 2 mm and a small turning radius.
Cutting (temporal) scissors are designed to work with any type of profile - straight, tubular or corrugated. The working body consists of two parts: a punch and a matrix. In fact, this is a miniature punching press, which is manually moved along the desired contour. This is a mobile, powerful and high-performance device, the main disadvantage of which is the excessive consumption of metal due to the wide cut.
Separately, it is worth talking about press scissors. These are heavyweights among all the above tools. They are used for cutting sheet metal into measured billets, cutting high-quality and profile products, cutting down grooves and holes, etc.
This type of scissors is divided as follows: hand, hydraulic and container tools. The working part is similar to a guillotine, but strengthened by a press. This equipment is widely used in industry and in the field of metal processing. More compact models of press scissors are widely used in locksmith workshops and in small production.