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The role of the porch in a private house cannot be overestimated. This part of the building is functional, but has another important role - it makes the construction completed externally. In general, the porch can be considered a hallmark of the house. To date, there are many options for such designs, which depend on the budget, material of construction and preferences of the owner. Moreover, it can be argued that the task of fulfilling the long-lasting, durable and beautiful porch is completely solvable, and such work can be done independently.
It is noteworthy that the porch can be built even after the completion of the construction of the house. But it is better to lay this idea in the project, because, otherwise, you will have to make separate foundations, which will sit in different ways, which can lead to deformations.
Project drafting
To do the porch for a private house with your own hands is quite realistic. However, first you need to draw up a project. The design that defines the porch design can be classified into three types, among them:
- built-in;
- plain;
- affiliated.
The porch of a simple type is a platform with steps and a canopy. When assembling such a structure, the most difficult step is to fill the foundation, which is required even for a wooden structure. But the built-in porch should be designed together with the house, as well as built.
The attached porch for a private house with your own hands can also be done. This design is almost no different from the built-in and can easily be modified and rebuilt. The attached porch is arranged by remodeling or finishing the simple porch. The foundation for this part of the house is necessary, because it is necessary to exclude the deformation of the stairs, which is associated with temperature extremes and seasonal changes in the environment.
Foundation building
For all types of porches, the foundation is a common step. The depth of the foundation coincides with the depth of the foundation of the whole house. Otherwise, due to soil shrinkage during seasonal freezing and thawing, an extension of the extension is possible. If during shrinkage of the soil there will be a shift of the structure towards the main building, then the base of the porch will collapse. At the same time, minor repairs cannot be dispensed with; everything will have to be redone again.
You can make a closed porch for a private house with your own hands. Although it will be glazed, it is not intended for living, it is impossible to install wooden furniture inside, because it can be warped under the influence of temperature and moisture. But as a foundation for this design, you can use a concrete pillow. However, if the material is brick or concrete, then the base will have to be reinforced. Such a design will exert a load on the base, unlike a wooden counterpart.
Methodology
The construction of the porch for a private house with your own hands begins with the construction of the foundation. To do this, you need to mark a rectangular area of the desired size. There are supports in the corners, and a foundation pit must be excavated along the intended contour. You need to go deeper into the line of laying the main foundation. However, you should not dig too deep, because the power load during the displacement of the foundations and when the soil shrinks, as well as the temperature drops, will be less, however, destruction can not be avoided.
Above the porch should be a large visor, which requires the installation of supports. The roof should extend 30 cm on each side. Supports for the visor can be made even after the porch is created. At the installation points of the piles, it is necessary to leave the rectangles of uncovered area. In these areas, wells are drilled in the future, where the supports are installed. The hollow space is poured with concrete.
Formwork in this case is desirable, although on stony soil you can do without it. For formwork, you can use boards from construction or particleboard, as well as thin plywood. However, chipboard and thick plywood are hygroscopic, therefore, they will swell due to the influence of groundwater and rain, therefore, after the concrete has hardened, the formwork must be disposed of. Softwood trimmings can be left. If the soil is strongly deformed, then the coniferous formwork boards will act as a damping pad.
Methodology
If you have a question about how to make a porch in a private house, then you should also think about its waterproofing, which is mandatory. For its device, it is necessary to cover the bottom with roofing material, as well as the inner surface of the formwork. A mesh that fits on bricks will act as a reinforcing cage.
The grill is made of pieces of reinforcement. Bricks are laid at the bottom of the foundation pit, and then a grid, then you can start pouring concrete. In order not to form voids in its thickness, after each layer the mixture is well rammed with a shovel. It is more efficient to use a vibration seal for this, which is expensive, but rented out.
After the concrete has set, what will happen in about a week, it is necessary to level the surface of the foundation and cover it with roofing material or film, providing an overlap of 50 cm at the edges. Otherwise, excess water in the surface layer will make the material brittle, and the idea with the base will be meaningless.
Building a wooden porch
Before you make a porch in a private house, you should think about what material to use for this. As it can be wood. This version of the device is the most traditional and widespread, because the design is simple to manufacture and harmonious with nature.
To perform the work, prepare a circular saw and a construction square. The ideal material will be larch, followed by spruce and other conifers, which are very durable and easy to process. The material must be impregnated so that it lasts longer.
If you have to work with hardwood, then you will also need a suitable tool, as well as specific knowledge. If this option of the porch of a private house suits you, then at the first stage of its manufacture it is necessary to perform a kosour. For the reason that it is impractical to make a width of less than 120 cm, you will need 3 beams. A distance of 0.5 m should be maintained between the braces. This approach will ensure the durability and strength of the structure.
For reference
Kosour is a supporting beam with highlighted teeth. This node plays the function of an additional support, which is located inside. On the horizontal edges of the teeth will be steps. For work, you should also prepare a bowstring, which is an external braid or an inclined beam. Its thickness is three times greater than that of the kosour.
Bowstrings are connected at the ends by beams, and between them the desired number of kosour is set. When you will be cutting edges for the steps, you will need a corner. There should be no distance between the teeth. Even if it is equal to 7 mm, this will ensure easy subsidence of the step in one place.
It is important to determine the dimensions of the porch of a private house before its construction. For example, the width of the steps is determined taking into account the foot of an adult. Therefore, stock must be added to the value. This parameter can be equal to the limit from 35 to 45 cm. But the height of the riser should not be more than 20 cm. There should be an odd number of steps, whereas if there are more than 3, then you need to install a railing. The overhang of steps can not be done if the porch is glazed and the stairs are covered from snow and rain. When it goes outside, the overhang is necessary so that water accumulates on the plane of the lower stage, and does not flow down the riser into the groove.
The finished ladder should be installed so that the plane of the steps has a slope of 2 cm per meter. This will ensure that water flows down, and on the steps themselves, ice will not form. After assembly, the structure must be installed on a fortified platform, which is the foundation. In order to ensure the strength of the installation in the place where the base will be located, a small recess can be made using the beam until the concrete has completely hardened. This will provide a solid stop for the stairs.
Specialist advice
The upper platform must have a flooring, for this the same material is used as for the stairs. In this case, you should adhere to one rule, which consists in the fact that the boards should have the maximum available length and width, while the joints should be fitted as accurately as possible. If the boards are well rubbed, then there will be no deformation, even if the wood begins to delaminate over time.
Making a metal porch
If you decide to do the construction of the porch of a private house with your own hands, then you can use metal. Such work can be carried out much faster than those where wood is used. This approach can be considered relatively cheap, but only if you do not plan to use forged elements.
The simplest option is a design of corners, channels and filling material, the latter being:
- thick chipboard;
- wood;
- porcelain tile.
For the work should be prepared two channels, the length of each of which will be equal to the length of the stairs. These elements should be located in parallel, and the step between them is equal to the length of the future step. To the size of the latter, a corner is cut, along its edges it is necessary to add a centimeter for the weld. From the corner you need to cut a piece whose length is equal to the height between the steps. Scraps are welded to each other, you can get an L-shaped design.
As a result, a sectional frame of the step will be formed. Such parts should be such a quantity that corresponds to the number of steps. These blanks are welded to the channel, which allows you to get a metal braid. That corner, which is located under the riser, should be turned upside down, this will create a kind of side. On this we can assume that the stairs are almost ready. At the next stage, you can do its decoration, for this the most commonly used wood.
Canopy Making
You can also carry out the canopy over the porch of a private house yourself. It can be made of wood. The design will be mounted on poles. You can use beams. At the first stage, the installation of supports is carried out. To do this, two racks are mounted, which are removed from the wall of the house at a distance of 2 m or less. The best option is to lay the supports of brick, they can be made of metal pipes or concrete.
When the canopy over the porch of a private house is carried out, it is also necessary to install a rafter system. To do this, recesses are made in the wall for installing beams. They should be located opposite each support. It should be deepened by 200 mm. One end of the beam will be located on the support, while the other in the recess. Fixing is carried out with nuts and washers or studs.
At the next stage, you can start the construction of the rafter system of the porch for a private house made of wood. To do this, you will need to choose a roof structure, which can be gable or flat. The latter option is much simpler, it will be enough to lay the boards across the beams and cover them with appropriate roofing material. But if the canopy is supposed to be gable, then you need a full-fledged skate. The technology remains the same.
The methodology involves the installation of a crate, a counter-lattice and a layer of a hydrobarrier. When the porch for a private house is made of wood, the next step is to proceed to sheathing the frame. The lower binder will be made of plastic panels or siding. When plating, you need to think about lighting, because the visor must have lights. Recently, point ones are quite common.
Railing Installation
If you want to get a beautiful porch in a private house, then it is better to supplement it with a railing. To do this, it is necessary to establish support pillars. These elements are located above the balusters and have a greater thickness. They are well attached and fixed to each other. The easiest way to carry out such work is the use of nails, however, it is better to make the base of the supports with spikes and apply glue, and then fix the structure with screws.
The railing for the porch will have balusters, which are made of square bars with a side of 50 mm. Balusters are fixed with glue and screws. When installing them, it is necessary to pull the cord so that the workpieces are located on the same level. After completion of installation work, you can proceed to painting, as well as applying protective agents.
The most optimal railing heights are values from 90 to 110 cm. The distance between the inner posts should not be less than 60 cm. Between the balusters and the posts you can place additional elements in the vertical and horizontal directions every 15 cm maximum. If the railing for the porch does not have such racks, then this can cause injury.
Porch decoration
When decorating the closed porch of a private house, it can be ennobled with facing materials like stone or ceramic tiles. Quite often, recently porches are decorated in Russian traditions. Carved elements, as well as ornate patterns, can act as decorations.
The porch in the form of a fortress looks quite respectable. It is a massive structure decorated with natural stone. The design of the porch of a private house in this case may include the use of lamps in the form of torches. Additionally, you can install the lattice, the massiveness of which will emphasize the cache-pot with climbing plants. If the area of the enclosed space allows, then forged furniture can be used.
Conclusion
Designing the porch of a private house is only the first stage, but one of the most important when building this part of the house. If you want to make it not only functional, but also beautiful, you can expand the extension area and place objects there to your liking. It can be flower pots that are installed on either side of the entrance. This will give the appearance of the porch an atmosphere of comfort.
But if you want to protect yourself from bright sunlight, then you can use curtains, but it is better to use unpretentious materials for them, because the porch is a place that is operated quite actively, so there materials can quickly become unusable or become dirty.