The convenience of living in the house and the durability of the building structures directly depend on how correctly the roof overlap is arranged. There are many materials designed for covering the roof frame. Each of them is installed in compliance with certain technologies. Most often, the roofs of houses are finished with slate, metal tile or corrugated board.
How can I cover the roof
There are two main methods for covering the roof frame - with or without insulation. The second option is usually used in small country houses with attics of a small area. The roof of cottages is most often insulated. This allows you to equip a comfortable attic, thus increasing the living area of the building.
When assembling an insulated roofing system, the following materials are usually used:
- vapor barrier;
- material for the inner lining;
- insulation (most often mineral wool);
- waterproofing (technical plastic film);
- the roofing sheets themselves.
All these materials must be installed in a strictly defined order. When collecting roof ceilings in a cold way, only a waterproofing insulator and roofing sheets are used.
What you need to know
Whichever method of roof sheathing is chosen, between the waterproofing and the roofing material, a ventilation gap is mandatory. It can be done by installing a counter-lattice from a bar.
The sheets should be fixed on the roof frame using the fasteners designed specifically for this type of roofing material. Before starting the cladding, all wooden elements of the rafter system should be treated with antiseptic and flame retardant compounds.
Installation of a cold roof: features
If the attic in the house is supposed to be made unheated, the roof is equipped with a few steps:
- a waterproofing film is attached to the rafters;
- Mount the crate;
- sheathe the roof with the selected roofing material.
The film is supposed to be fastened with a sag of about 2 cm (the exception is only some modern expensive waterproofing). The overlap between the strips should be done at least 15 cm. To ensure tightness, they should also be glued with adhesive tape. It is recommended to fasten the film with bars at least 2.5-3 cm thick. Thus, the necessary ventilation gap is arranged.
The lath is mounted in steps provided for a specific roofing material. Boards under it should be taken quite strong. Lumber should not be too wide and not particularly narrow. A thick beam or very wide boards during the operation of the roof will necessarily warp. Too narrow or thin lumber may not support the weight of sheets and snow in winter.
Assembling the insulation cake
In residential buildings, a more thorough roof covering than in summer cottages is usually equipped. Roof insulation, as already mentioned, is worth doing if there is a desire to equip a comfortable attic in the house. The procedure in this case will be the same as when assembling a cold roof. The only thing, when installing a warm roof between the rafters, before installing the waterproofing, mineral wool slabs are installed.
In order that the insulation does not fall out in the attic, it is propped up with boards or simply wire stretched between the rafters. Install mineral wool should be taken aback. The vapor barrier and the inner lining are mounted after the roof is covered with sheets. In this case, the film is also attached to the rafters by means of bars to provide ventilation clearance.
Proceed with the installation of roofing material immediately after the assembly of the "pie". Otherwise, the waterproofing film may be damaged by wind or by accidental mechanical stress.
Features of the installation of slate
This material, despite the fact that it does not differ in a particularly attractive appearance, is quite in demand on the market. Many owners of country houses equip the roof with slate. The thing is its very low cost. Slate roofs cost usually 1.5-2 times cheaper, for example, with the same metal tile.
In order to make the roof sheathed with this material look more attractive, the sheets can be pre-primed and painted using a special paintwork.
Work with slate when covering the roof should be most carefully. After all, the material is quite heavy and at the same time fragile. On tall houses of 2-3 floors, before the roof sheathing, it is worthwhile to build forests. Use slate is allowed only to cover slopes with an angle of inclination of at least 22 degrees. Too frequent crate for this material is usually not done. Under each sheet, in most cases, three beams are laid - along the edges and in the middle.
This material is mounted to cover the roof from right to left and from bottom to top. On roofs with a slope angle of less than 30 degrees, vertical overlap is done at least 12-14 cm, and horizontal - on two waves. On roofs steeper than 30 degrees, the first indicator can be 10-12 cm. Horizontal overlap in this case is usually done on a single wave.
The procedure for laying asbestos-cement sheets
Actually, the installation of slate itself is performed in the following order:
- mount three sheets of the lower row;
- establish two - the next row;
- again mounted three sheets of the bottom.
According to this algorithm, roof overlap is done right up to the ridge. Fasten the slate sheets on special nails. In this case, holes are pre-drilled in the material. Each sheet usually takes 4 nails. Under them, a rubber gasket should be used. Slate sheets are fastened to prevent destruction of the coating due to temperature fluctuations with a slight backlash. Hammer nails to the top of the wave.
After all the slate is laid, a ridge element should be installed to ensure the tightness of the roof. You can make it from tin or painted boards.
Euro slate (ondulin and other varieties) is mounted about the same technology. The only thing in this case is to carefully read the manufacturer's instructions. It may describe some of the installation nuances.
Overlapping a roof with a metal tile: basic rules
This material is more expensive than slate, but also serves much longer. In addition, the metal tile looks much more attractive. You can mount such sheets on the roof with an angle of inclination of slopes of 14 degrees. The step of the crate in this case depends on the wavelength of the material. Boards should be filled so that they fall under the crest of the wave.
Sheet Installation
Actually, the very procedure for stacking sheets of this variety is approximately the same as that of slate. This material is usually delivered with a large number of various kinds of additional elements. Before proceeding to the actual sheathing of the roof with sheets of metal, an overflow system should be installed.
To do this, including independently, is not difficult. Previously, on the lower edge of the ramp, a cornice is installed. They fasten it using self-tapping screws, placing them in increments of 25 cm. Actually, the receiver trough itself is fixed using arcuate brackets installed at a distance of 1-1.2 m from each other. The drainpipe is fixed to the wall with special clamps.
At the next stage, lower end carpets are mounted (if required by the roof structure). Roof overlaps, assembled using metal tiles, are also reliable provided that the waterproofing apron of the chimney is pre-installed. Only after installing the latter, you can begin to mount, in fact, the sheets of roofing material themselves. Cut metal exclusively using simple scissors for steel or electric. A grinder cannot be used for cutting this material. When installing the sheets themselves, you need to monitor the coincidence of the capillary grooves.
After the roof is sheathed with sheets, the fronton end plates, the ridge element, the chimney apron and the upper valleys are mounted.
How to install corrugated board
The principle of mounting sheets of this variety is similar to the technology of roof sheathing with metal tiles. Overlapping the roof with corrugated board, however, can also be done if its slopes are inclined by less than 12-14 degrees. This material weighs slightly more than a metal tile. It costs less, but it is more difficult to lift it to the roof. However, in fact, the installation of corrugated board itself is simpler than metal tiles. The fact is that in this case it is not necessary to monitor the capillary grooves and the safety of the upper protective layer. You can cut corrugated board including a grinder.
How to make roof overlap using other materials
In addition to metal and asbestos-cement sheets , roofing material, as well as flexible or clay tiles, can be used to protect the roof. Rolled soft materials are usually used on gently sloping roofs (up to 15 degrees). The crate under the roofing material is arranged solid - from plywood or particleboard. Glue strips in 2-3 layers on the molten bitumen. They also miss the seams.
When using flexible tile on a continuous crate, a lining carpet is pre-mounted. The roofing material itself is simply glued onto it in a certain order with the adhesive layer down.
Under the clay tiles, since the material is heavy, they equip a strong crate of timber with a step corresponding to the size of the tile. This material is attached to the roof frame by means of screws through special holes (with backlash). A brace is placed on every third tile.