Almost every citizen knows that personal income is taxed at 13%. But many are unaware of tax deductions. It is possible to reduce this percentage. About how many times you can get a tax deduction - further in the article.
Concepts and types
A bit of theory. Tax deductions are statutory benefits that allow you to reduce the taxable tax on individuals (is 13%).
They are divided depending on the grounds for:
- standard;
- property;
- social;
- professional.
It is incorrect to pose the question this way: “How many times can I get a tax deduction?” First you need to find out the basis for the benefits.
Standard
Provided by:
- Categories of citizens who were associated with the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and PA Mayak. These include liquidators, children in the area of infection, military and medical personnel who participated in these events. The amount of the deduction is provided in the amount of 3,000 thousand rubles. per month. More details are provided in the Tax Code.
- To the heroes of the Union and Russia, participants in the Great Patriotic War, the blockade of Leningrad, prisoners of concentration camps, as well as disabled people of groups I and II. The size of the deduction will be 500 rubles per month.
- Parents (guardians) - 1400 rubles for each up to two children, 3000 for the third and subsequent.
The last point concerns many, so we will analyze it in more detail.
Tax breaks for children
Consider the procedure for obtaining them.
- You must write a statement addressed to the employer.
- Provide documents for tax deductions. At the same time, you need to know that the single parent is provided with additional benefits in double size.
- Refer two statements to the director or secretary. One, certified by signature and seal, is reserved for ourselves. If for any reason taxes are levied in full, this copy of the application will be the basis for appeal to the labor inspectorate or court.
Examples of calculating the tax credit for children
So how many times can you get a tax deduction for children? So far, the amount of annual wages does not reach 280 thousand rubles.
We will explain with a specific example.
Secretary A. Nikolenko receives a salary of 35 thousand rubles. She has two children. She is entitled to a tax deduction of 1,600 per one. Total 3200.
Consequently, 3200 are not taxed out of 35 thousand.
(35000 - 3200) x 13% = 4134.
Thus, the salary of Nikolenko will be:
35 000 - 4134 = 30 866 rubles.
If the secretary did not apply for benefits, her personal income tax would be:
35 thousand x 13 = 4,550 rubles instead of 4,134 rubles.
Of course, the amount of 400 rubles seems insignificant, but if you take it at least for 6 months, we get 2,400. A worthy fee for a statement written once.
We write the remaining residues schematically:
- 1 child - 1600 rubles;
- 2 children - 1600 x 2;
- 3 or more - 1600 x 2 + 3000 (multiply by the number of subsequent after two children).
- A disabled child until adulthood or up to 24 years (extended to students) - 6,000 each.
- The only breadwinner - all benefits are doubled.
The period of use of benefits
Tax deductions for children are not granted for the whole year. They are not provided when the income reaches 280,000 rubles.
Let's continue our example with the secretary Nikolenko. Her salary, recall, 35 thousand rubles a month.
280/35 = 8 months. That is, she can use this right until August inclusive. Since September, the calculation of its personal income tax will be made on a common basis.
Social
Social deductions are provided for:
- training;
- treatment;
- charity;
- expenses related to pension insurance.
Good is not taxed
Cash assistance to various charities or other non-profit organizations is not taxed. But such a rule has a limitation.
Assistance to charitable, educational, religious, and other non-profit organizations in the field of science, culture, sports, preschool education should not exceed 25% of income in the reporting period.
For benefits, you must provide:
- Income statements.
- Documents confirming payments.
- Copies of agreements on contributions and donations and constituent documents of the organization that received assistance.
Training
Now more about how many times you can get a tax deduction for training. This issue will be divided into two.
- How many times can you get a tax deduction for teaching children. We also include our own training.
- Tax deductions for close relatives.
When owning and educating his children, a citizen has the right to tax benefits of up to 120 thousand rubles. The same amount includes all social benefits (except charity). We have already mentioned them above.
Education for relatives (brothers, sisters) also provides benefits. But in this case they should not exceed 50 thousand rubles.
Required documents:
Copies:
- Receipts or other documents confirming payment.
- Training contracts.
- Licenses of educational institutions.
Thus, a citizen is “exempted” from paying personal income tax on his own and on the education of children in the amount of up to 120 thousand rubles, 50 thousand rubles for relatives.
Treatment
Now about how many times you can get a tax deduction for treatment. This benefit, as well as training, applies to social. The totality of the entire category, as mentioned above, should not exceed 120,000 rubles. This amount does not include charity expenses.
A benefit of 13% of income tax is granted until the deduction reaches 120 thousand rubles. in year.
Calculation Examples
Benefits for taxation on treatment and training are considered according to one formula.
Suppose a citizen Petrenko is studying a child at a university. He pays 130 thousand rubles a year (above the maximum tax deduction). Petrenko earns 100 thousand per month. Personal income tax (13%) will be equal to 13 thousand per month.
For the calendar year, Petrenko will give taxes to the state:
13 x 12 = 156 thousand rubles. Of these, 120 thousand will return to him, despite the fact that he pays 130 thousand per year for the education of a child.
And for treatment, and for training, only the amount from personal income tax that was spent, but not more than 120 thousand rubles, is returned.
Treatment benefits: cases of spread
Tax deductions are provided for the following cases:
- Payment of their own and treatment of relatives, children (under 18 years old) within the framework of services approved by the Government. Acquisition of medicines and medicines included in the list approved by the Government. They must be prescribed by the attending physician.
- Payment of contributions for voluntary insurance of oneself and close family members (children under 18 years old).
Documents required for tax deduction for treatment
Copies:
- Service contracts.
- Licensed by medical organizations.
- Receipts and other documents confirming payment.
- Prescriptions for doctors.
- Documents certifying the fact of kinship.
Property Deductions
Now we turn to the question of how many times you can get a tax deduction for an apartment when buying.
Acquisition and sale of real estate are classified as property deductions. To take advantage of benefits, you must have official earnings.
So how many times can you get a property tax deduction on sale? Depends on the time of ownership:
- Up to 1 million if the apartment, for example, has been owned for more than three years.
- Up to 250 thousand rubles, if less.
Sale of shared ownership
The question arises: "What if the resident does not own the entire apartment, but only a share?" In this case, the deduction will be proportional to this part. Another thing is if the share is framed as a separate entity. For example, a room in an apartment that has its own passport. Then the taxpayer has the right to apply the maximum benefit.
When selling several residential real estate objects in one calendar year, the resident has the right to choose tax deductions for only one object.
Thus, the answer to the question: “How many times can I get a property tax deduction?” - will be: once a year. The privilege is given only for one residential property of your choice. The amount depends on the time spent in the property.
Acquisition of property
Let's move on to the purchase. More precisely, the question of how many times you can get a tax deduction for an apartment upon purchase.
The total amount of benefits is provided up to 2 million rubles. The amount may be increased when purchasing a home on a mortgage.
Property deduction is not provided for the purchase of housing from close relatives or other persons, the purchase and sale between which was for the purpose of obtaining benefits, on maternity capital or other targeted budgetary funds (Affordable Housing Program, Young Family Program, etc.). )
You can use this benefit once in a lifetime
The benefit starts from the time of purchase of housing and is transferred to other years of the reporting period until the full limit is exhausted. There is no statute of limitations for the right of deduction.
Example
Sidorenko A.A. bought a house for 3 million rubles. His salary is 50 thousand rubles. per month. The annual size of personal income tax will be:
(50 x 12) x 13% = 78 thousand
Consequently, the deduction will be 78 thousand per year. The remaining amount (2,000,000 - 78,000) 1 million 922 thousand rubles is carried over to the next. Until then, until the benefit is expended.
How to calculate the tax credit for a house purchased using a certificate of maternity capital
From the cost of housing, it is necessary to subtract the amount that was provided for by the parent capital. And for the rest, a limited lifetime benefit is granted.
No deductions are provided for budgetary earmarked funds for the purchase of housing and the amount of maternity certificates.
Car Deals
Many are also interested in the question of how many times you can get a tax deduction for a car. When buying, no benefits are provided.
The sale of a vehicle that has been owned for more than 3 years is not taxed.
There is also a discount on the sale of up to 250 thousand rubles. If the amount when selling a car that was with the resident for less than the “exempting” period is greater, then it is subject to income tax.
Example
Titarenko P.D. sold a car that he owned for 1 year. The deal amounted to 700 thousand rubles. Therefore, Titarenko must pay:
(700,000 - 250,000) x 13 = 22,750 rubles.
Professional
These are benefits that relate to a narrow circle of people. They are given for royalties, results of scientific activities, to individual notaries for expenses, to brokers who suffered losses in the securities market.
Summary
So how many times can you get a tax deduction? We made out that it all depends on the basis of the privilege. Most tax benefits are provided with a certain limit annually. As for income certificates, in each case it is necessary to consult with the tax inspectorate and clarify, since the list of supporting documents is not specified in the code. It may vary depending on the situation. We just wanted to convey information that will help citizens understand what benefits they are entitled to. Of course, taxes are needed to maintain order and stability in society. They go to the salaries of teachers, doctors, etc. But life situations are such that legal tax evasion is simply necessary. The cost of training, maintaining children, buying a home is seriously affecting the money of citizens. Therefore, the benefit in such situations is simply necessary.