When designing a sewer system, it is necessary to take into account all factors of its operation and maintenance. First of all, a professional choice of materials and technological scheme for installing pipelines. The most important part of the future system is the sewer inspection, which is designed to effectively remove blockages.
Destination
During operation of the sewer, clogging may occur. The reasons for their appearance are diverse: from the wrong slope of the pipe to the wrong diameter of the trunk. To eliminate it, you must first identify the place of formation and the highest concentration of garbage. This can be done without special equipment if a sewer audit is installed on the system sections.
It is an element of the highway, on the outer surface of which there is a viewing hole. An important parameter is the tightness of the lid - it should not cause an unpleasant odor in the room or the discharge of wastewater when the pipeline is fully loaded. In addition, it is necessary to comply with the rules for interfacing audit elements with other parts of the sewer.
Mounting
The further operation of the entire system directly depends on the correctly selected installation location. To do this, make up a detailed project, which indicate the material for the manufacture of pipes, their diameter, the connection order of horizontal and vertical highways. Along with these parameters indicate those areas where revision is necessary. Sewer cleaning - a complex process that requires ensuring the conditions for its implementation. Therefore, the installation site is selected based on the following conditions:
- In places with the highest probability of blockages.
- With free access to the hatch. The cleaning procedure must not be impeded by foreign objects or limited space.
Depending on the installation site, 2 types of sewer inspection are distinguished - for internal and external pipelines.
Domestic sewage
Most often, blockages occur in pipes installed in the room. This is due to the specifics of their installation: multiple angular turns and a change in the diameter of the highway in one section lead to accumulation of debris and an artificial reduction in the cross section of the pipes. An established sewer audit will help solve these problems.
There are certain installation rules, adhering to which, you can ensure the normal functioning and maintenance of internal sewage networks:
- Sewer inspection 110 mm should be installed on all vertical risers. If the building has several floors, then provide for installation on each. The height is not regulated, but for ease of use it should not be less than 150 cm from the floor level.
- In horizontal highways, the installation of revision parts is necessary if the distance from the water intake points is more than 0.5 m.
- Mandatory installation on the corner (rotary) parts of the pipeline.
Guided by these rules, it is possible to ensure the safe functioning of the sewer system.
Outdoor sewage
For external pipelines, it is necessary to apply a comprehensive method for arranging revision elements. According to the installation rules, the line should be located below the level of soil freezing. To ensure access to the audit, special observation decks are mounted.
Their design protects the pipeline from weather and clogging. The number of such elements of the system is determined by its length. For areas with a flat topography, the distance between the wells is from 8 to 10 m. If the landscape has elevations, then their number increases. It is important to choose the appropriate model of sewer inspection - it should be designed for external loads of the soil, not be destroyed due to exposure to low temperatures.
Operational Features
Unlike other pipeline elements, a sewer inspection may experience various mechanical stresses. For pressure sewer systems, this is the internal pressure of the wastewater stream. If the system has a gravity flow design, then this factor practically does not affect the inner surface.
However, it is worth considering other types of mechanical stress. When blockages appear, the hatch in the revision is necessary for the penetration of the sewer cable. The principle of its effect on the cork is translational movements, as a result of which the blockage is destroyed. However, in this case, the cable body inevitably presses on the end part of the audit hole. This is the most fragile section of the structure, with strong pressure, a chip or crack may appear. In the future, when filling the pipe, an unpleasant odor or liquid will leak through these defects.
Therefore, this part of the structure must be thick-walled. This is especially true of domestic sewage systems, the manufacturing material of which is often PVC. Although it can withstand calculated pressure values, it is a relatively fragile material. When exposed to a fracture, it loses its integrity, resulting in chips. The optimum thickness of the pipe of the inspection hole should be at least 2.2 mm.
Selection tips
The complete set of the system should be carried out in accordance with a previously drawn up project. But due to the fact that the audit for sewer pipes has a specific purpose, increased requirements are imposed on it.
When choosing a particular model, the following factors should be considered:
- The material of manufacture. It should be the same as in other elements of the highway. This is important during installation - it will be problematic to ensure a tight connection of cast iron revision and plastic pipes.
- Diameter. The throughput of this section of the pipeline should not be less or more than the others. Therefore, the internal section of the element has the same dimensions as the rest of the sewer pipe. Revision cannot affect the speed of passage of waste.
- Cover design. This item can be removable or stationary. Often a threaded method of installing a protective cover is used. Stationary models are attached to the body using hinges. This design is much more convenient, since there is no likelihood of losing the cover.
- Place of installation - external or internal sewerage.
Guided by these criteria, you can choose the optimal design of the audit device that will meet all the requirements of the sewer system.