Bentonite clay is a clay mineral that swells when exposed to water. It is formed as a result of decomposition of volcanic lava and ash. Depending on the prevalence of a particular chemical in the composition, its color may be yellow, brown, gray, green or blue.
Bentonite clay has the following characteristics:
- plasticity - interacting with water, the clay turns into a mass that can take any form under slight pressure;
- swelling - mixing with water, it increases in size;
- sorption properties - absorption of particles, molecules, ions from the environment and their retention on its surface;
- refractoriness - does not melt at a very high temperature;
- caking ability - during firing it turns into a stone-like body.
From ancient times, bentonite clays have been used in medicine and industry. As a rich source of various trace elements, they are excellent environmentally friendly dietary supplements. The clay solution normalizes the gastrointestinal tract, acid-base balance in humans and animals. Normalize the work of the cardiovascular system. It has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, radioprotective properties.
Bentonite clay is a part of many cosmetic preparations. She perfectly treats problem skin. The mask with it removes acne, skin irritation, relieves inflammation from insect bites. The compress of this clay is recommended to be applied for burns.
In industry, this substance is never used in its pure form, it is mixed with other chemical components that enhance this or that clay property. When bentonite enters a liquid medium, it turns into flakes and settles to the bottom, capturing fine particles. As a sorbent, bentonite clay is used to brighten juices, wort and wines, as well as to soften water and cleanse oils.
Its plastic properties help to produce fine porcelain, building, radio and electroceramics.
Currently, bentonite clay is widely used in the drilling of gas, oil and water wells. Its powder is used in the manufacture of drilling fluids. It does not contain polymer fillers, is compatible with all components. This significantly reduces the cost of the solution and the time for drilling the well.
Bentonite clay is also used in the construction of the foundation of buildings, as well as underground structures. Due to its moisture-absorbing qualities, it is an ideal waterproofing. The same quality of clay is used to create artificial ponds. By filling the bottom with it, builders significantly reduce water loss. Today, bentonite clay produces not only powder, but also waterproofing mats.
Materials based on bentonite clays are often used in the metallurgical industry. It uses its high thermal stability and astringent properties. Molds and tooling are made from clay. It is used to form iron ore pellets.