Scaffolding is a special structure that serves as a support during operation. It also withstands heavy loads. For workers, this design serves as a device that provides comfortable and safe working conditions.
Scaffolding is suitable for any kind of interior work. With the help of these devices it is convenient to paint the surface, plaster or putty the walls. The structure itself usually consists of flooring and metal supports. People and necessary tools can freely be on the floor.
Scaffold Requirements
Certain posters with the layout plan and the size of the permissible load should be on the lifting places. An evacuation scheme is also required.
In no case should there be a lot of people in one place. Those. it is necessary to distribute the load, and not give it at one moment to any particular part of the structure.
The flooring should be flat and attached to the crossbars. The width for different jobs is appropriate. For example, with stone, it should be at least 2 meters, and if with plaster and paint, then about 1.5 and 1 meter, respectively.
Types and types of scaffolding
Depending on the destination, several types of scaffolds are distinguished:
- for stone work;
- repair work;
- protective structures.
The scaffolds themselves (construction and others) must withstand heavy loads. They should also be easily designed and quickly disassembled after work.
Stationary scaffolding
One of those types that is indispensable for repair. The system consists of the so-called "blocks": racks, beams, flooring, fastenings, and so on.
Stationary scaffolds are divided into single-row and double-row. In the first case, they put only one row of racks. Between them they are connected by lags.
To build such a platform, racks with a slight slope to a depth of about 1 meter are buried in the ground and the pit is carefully buried. At the corners, racks are also installed that can be extended with a wire harness.
Work scaffolding
These devices serve mainly as a workplace. The main requirement is sustainability.
In turn, this species is divided into 6 groups:
- Group I is used for elementary work such as measurements. Moreover, only one person can stand on such a structure. The tool with which it works should be lightweight.
- Group II can be used for work such as maintenance, for example, cleaning the facade. The maximum load should not exceed 150 kg per 1 square meter.
- Group III - these are the scaffolds that are used most often when puttying surfaces and other similar works.
The remaining groups of scaffolds are designed for stone, tile and other works.
Types of scaffolding
The following varieties are also distinguished.
- Gantry scaffolding. In the structure there are special tubular goats (most often steel), which are installed on a strong base, and on top of the flooring. In general, the height of the scaffolds should not be more than 4 meters. In turn, these structures are connected by horizontal ligaments, the distance between which is not more than 2.75 m. Sometimes they are apart. Then the distance should be no more than 2 meters.
- Frame scaffolding. This is an installation of pipes (usually aluminum) that are welded with frames. The latter do not shift. To assemble such a structure and disassemble is very simple, easy and quick. In certain places, special puffs are applied. Roughnesses sometimes appear, in which case they can be leveled using the so-called spindle bearings. If you put wheels on them, then the platform can be rolled from place to place.
- Modular systems. On racks of this type of fixture there are special nodal points for installing various elements.
- Boom platforms are used for protection. There are steel profiles (or beams) made of wood, which are used as supporting consoles. Approximately 1.5 meters the distance between these devices.
- Cantilever scaffolding. The mission is the same as that of the rifle. Separate consoles are made in the form of triangles. They put reinforced concrete floors on which they are fixed. The flooring is continuous. Usually it is made of boards up to 4 cm thick. Two hinged loops are installed on each console.
- Rack scaffolding. They are made of racks in the form of pipes. There is a lower part that is motionless. Another pipe with a diameter of about 60 mm is inserted into this part. Wooden shoulder straps are laid on the inner pipe, on which flooring is then installed.
- Inventory scaffolds. If you have to lengthen them, then the folding supports are applied to the bottom. Overall, but they weigh a little. There should be no gaps between the wall and the shield, but if there are any, then they must be blocked. This design is very convenient for working in confined spaces, for example, in the bathroom and the like.
- Articulated scaffolding. This is a construction, the supports of which are metal, the flooring is wooden. Stacked on two supports. Pretty high payload.
Protective scaffolding
The main purpose is to protect people and tools from falling. Also, the part from above protects against objects falling from above. Protective roofs are usually installed on sidewalks, entrances, entrances and other similar places.
As the floor, wooden bars or metal frames are used. The distance from the wall to the floor should be at least 30 cm. There are also catching scaffolds, along with which special nets are installed, designed to stop a person from falling. The coating should fit snugly against the wall to protect people below, from dust or materials. Its width should be at least 1.5 meters.
When examining the scaffolds, it is worth saying that they have load-bearing elements, which are steel and aluminum pipes, protected from corrosion. Their thickness should be more than 2 mm. The flooring can be made of wooden beams. There may also be metal options that, with the help of corrugation, provide safety from slipping. The flooring should be tightly laid and not sway. The side railing consists of an upper and an intermediate bar. A board on board 10 cm wide prevents falling. Railing - up to 1 meter high.
Features of choice
As for the choice of specific scaffolds, it all depends on their scope. If in doubt, it is best to consult with a specialist. Basically, when choosing, it is worth considering some points. For example, the problem being solved. For small-sized work, light and compact designs with a height of about 3 m are suitable.
For a larger event, systems with increased strength and rigidity are recommended. In addition, they must be sustainable in order to ensure maximum safety for people. The presence of fences should also be taken into account.
Such structures must necessarily have binding elements that ensure the strength of the structure. Use bolts, couplings or consoles. Anchoring elements are used to attach the scaffolds. For access, scaffolding is set up by step-ladders. They should be installed inside at an angle of 70 degrees. Nowadays, designs with built-in step-ladders are often sold. Such a device is more convenient and saves working time during descent and ascent.