A park or garden will look abandoned or deserted if you do not plant it with beautiful trees. Therefore, the very first task of beginning gardeners is to grow healthy and strong plants by placing them according to the chosen composition of the landscape project.
However, growing trees is a long and painstaking process. Not all seedlings take root in a new place. And while they grow up, they will gain strength and juice - several years or even decades will pass. And all this time the site will still seem naked and unformed.
What can be done to ensure that from the very first months the garden is decorated with powerful adult trees? Plant large-sized plants.
What is the essence of this method? What varieties are best to choose and at what time of year to plant? What difficulties are associated with planting large-sized trees and what means should be used for its effective implementation? This article is devoted to these issues.
But first, let's find out what large trees are and how they are remarkable.
Type designation
A large-sized tree is an adult plant that has reached certain parameters and indicators. For each species and variety of trees, there are separate standards for its maturity.
Nevertheless, they determine the general criteria by which large plants can be determined. The most important thing is their age and physiological data. If a tree is more than four years old, if it has a well-developed crown and root system, if the height of its trunk exceeds one and a half meters, then such a plant can be called large-sized.
In order to transplant such large and dimensional specimens, special technologies and devices, as well as additional skills and abilities, are required. Let's talk about all this in more detail.
Species suitable for transplantation
Not all adult plants are suitable for planting large-sized plants. Among all kinds of species and varieties, the following are most distinguished:
- deciduous (red and peduncle oak, linden, mountain ash, maple, elm, ash, birch);
- conifers (pine, spruce, European and Siberian larch);
- fruit (plum, apricot, pear, cherry, apple).
Where do the large-sized ones come from?
Where is the best way to buy planting material? There are at least two options:
- Nurseries in which, thanks to special technologies, trees undergo necessary health-improving procedures, they are prepared for transplantation, and they also carry out preventive measures to prevent possible diseases. In Russia there are several active nurseries that meet these criteria. However, you can take advantage of foreign institutions, for example, European and Canadian, which supply large-size goods to the Russian Federation, do it quickly and efficiently.
- Forest parks. The essence of this option is to dig a tree in an ordinary forest and plant it on its site.
How to choose the right planting material so that it takes root well in a new place?
Selection before purchase
To do this, you should contact a specialist dendrologist who can determine the degree of condition and well-being of each tree.
Consultation with an expert is very important, since the good appearance of the plant does not always indicate its full health. In addition, many diseases do not appear immediately, but only a few years after the lesion. Therefore, if you want to see a strong and beautiful plant on your site, be sure to seek advice from knowledgeable professionals.
This is important not only for the planting unit itself, but also for already growing trees in your garden. A newly planted plant can bring with it a serious illness that can infect other instances.
So, with the planting material decided. We proceed directly to the landing of large-sized plants. First you need to remove them from the ground. How?
The principle of proper digging
The uprooting of the tree should be done carefully and accurately so as not to damage either himself or his root. It is also important to keep an eye on the lower branches. For example, they can be carefully tied to the trunk, so as not to spoil and break. If the branches are dry or diseased, they must not be removed, but left until planting. During transport, damaged processes can protect healthy ones.
Since the root system of the plant is extracted together with an earthen lump, it is necessary to determine its size as accurately as possible. How can I do that?
Typically, the diameter of the earthen coma is ten or twelve times the diameter of the stem. A stamp is a part of the trunk that is one meter away from the root collar.
Here are approximate indicators of an earthen coma: length and width - from one meter to two and a half, height - from seventy centimeters to one hundred.
Of course, when digging up, generally accepted standards should be slightly increased.
After the uprooting procedure was successful, the planting material is pulled out of the recess using a jack with a lifting capacity of fifteen to twenty tons.
Packing landing units
Before transporting large-sized, they must be carefully packaged. For these purposes, special detachable basket baskets are used, which completely cover the land lump so that it is not damaged when moving.
If the root system of planting material is large, then it is wrapped in solid burlap or metal mesh. If the winter landing of large-sized plants is carried out, then the meaning in packing their coma is lost. In this case, they simply provide the necessary time (from two to ten days) so that the soil around the roots is well frozen and stiff.
When the tree is immersed in the pit, the container flaps are opened and pulled out, and the plant itself is left to bury.
Delivery of planting material
What special equipment is used for transportation? It can be a truck crane or a mini loader, an onboard truck or an all-terrain vehicle.
It is very important to monitor the safety of transportation. To do this, the large-sized is fixed with the help of slings, carabiners and couplers. Do this extremely carefully so as not to damage the bark and thin branches. Therefore, it is recommended to plant the plants either behind an earthen lump or for packaging.
It is also worth noting that, according to safety rules, it is better not to transport trees whose height exceeds ten to twelve meters. For their transportation, a too powerful and oversized car is required, as well as escort of the traffic police cars.
Large-sized eight-nine meters high are also inconvenient for transportation, since their crown can rise above the road, making it difficult to travel under bridges, tunnels and electric wires.
And one more tip: it is undesirable to transport large-sized cars at a temperature below minus eighteen degrees. This is due to the fact that severe frost makes tree branches fragile and brittle.
Training
Before adult trees are brought in, the site for their planting must be cleaned and prepared. At the same time, it is desirable to free the access of transportation equipment directly to the place of landing of large-sized cars. This will help to safely deliver the plant directly to the garden. If this is not feasible, then the tree should be carefully brought to the planting pit using trolleys, transporting it in a horizontal position.
The landing pit (excavated or manually) should exactly match the earthen coma of the large-sized one. If it is too narrow, it will damage the root system, if it is too wide, then the tree will not have the necessary support, and it will tilt.
It is recommended to fertilize the soil a little before planting. To do this, any subcrusts containing nitrogen, magnesium, potassium, iron, phosphorus, zinc, sulfur, etc. are suitable. These microelements stimulate the growth and survival of the root system.
Plant grounding
When lowering the large-sized groove into the planting pit, make sure that the root neck is ten to fifteen centimeters above ground level. This is necessary, because within a year the tree will settle and may die if its root is deepened in advance.
When placing planting material according to spatial orientation, one should take into account which side of the world its branches were facing at the previous vegetation site. This is especially true for conifers. In other words, in a new place, the krupnomer should be installed with the same side to the south, as he stood before.
After the tree has been installed and buried, the soil should be slightly compacted and trampled.
In some cases, it may be necessary to warm the root system of the transplanted plant. This can be done with straw mulch, dry leaves and moss.
Rules for caring for an engraftment tree
After planting large-sized plants, it is very important to carry out the necessary care for them. What might this include?
First of all, remember: a tree needs support.
To do this, each plant is fixed with strong stretching ropes or wooden supports, which will help it to be in a stable position for several more years. Every year or six months, it is recommended to change the holders, as the tree can grow and expand.
Also, transplanted large-sized plants need frequent and plentiful irrigation. This can be done daily, not limited to basal irrigation. Sprinkle the crown regularly.
Fertilizers that stimulate root growth can be added to the water.
An important role in caring for large-sized plants is played by systematic loosening of the soil, and pruning of branches. However, the most important step in the quality service of transplanted trees is the preventive measures to prevent diseases and pests. What do they include?
The first and most important - the trunk and crown of plants should be treated with special pesticides that prevent the emergence of infections, bacteria and parasites. And to protect the root system from rodents, you can use metal grilles.
Further care for the transplanted coarser should be done according to the recommendations for a particular variety and type of plant.
When is the best time to transplant?
Optimal season
Modern experts have achieved great victories in the field of replanting adult trees. If earlier only large-sized winter crops were planted in Moscow, now this procedure can take place in almost all cities of Russia at any time of the year.
Nevertheless, it is better to deal with tree transplantation when they have a period of rest. Then it will be easier for the plant to transfer transportation, and it will take root more quickly in a new place. In our area, the time of inactivity of trees falls around October-March. Therefore, it is best to plan the planting of large-sized plants in the fall or winter.
Each tree species is unique in its own way. Therefore, when planting different types of plants, their features should be taken into account. This will be discussed below.
Characteristic features of some varieties
For example, if you want to plant large-sized pine trees , then you need to consider such points:
- The pine lump is usually deep (about one meter).
- You can not use specimens grown on sandy soil.
- After planting large-sized pine trees in the first twelve months, it is recommended to shade it with pine needles even from spring sunlight.
When planting fir-trees, it is necessary to pay attention to:
- Earthen spruce differs from others in that it is wide in diameter but small in height.
- It is important to shelter the needles of plants from the bright winter sun.
- Immediately after grounding, support must be installed.
But what recommendations can be applied in the process of planting large-sized linden trees :
- This type of transplant is best done in the fall.
- As planting material, trees growing in well-lit, open areas are suitable.
- After planting in the ground, the tree should be abundantly watered (even if the weather is wet in the yard).
Conclusion
As you can see, planting large-sized trees is a complex and expensive task that requires special skills, knowledge and abilities. Here you can not do without qualified experts and special equipment. However, the effort will be worth it.
Within a few months, your site, planted with healthy adult trees, will look festive and elegant, harmoniously blending in with the planned design of the entire project.