Citizens are individuals connected on a political and legal basis with a particular state. This allows them to have certain rights, but also imposes certain duties. According to the legal status, citizens of a certain state differ from foreigners or persons who do not have citizenship at all, but are located in the territory of that country.
Foreign citizens are those who have their rights and obligations, but in the territory of their state and in accordance with the laws that are provided for in relation to their legislation of a particular country. Accordingly, they do not have similar rights in a foreign country, but are required to comply with its laws.
Russian citizens
In legal language, a Russian citizen is a person who has legal affiliation to his state. In states with a monarchical system of government, the term is changed to another - "citizenship", the meaning of which is almost the same.
Extradition of a citizen of the Russian Federation to another state is not possible even for the purposes of court proceedings. The country guarantees all its citizens the necessary protection and protection, even abroad of its territory.
But in response, the state imposes on citizens certain duties that they must fulfill and laws that must be observed. Therefore, even outside the country, he must comply with the requirements of the constitution of his state. A citizen of the Russian Federation is a person who can be sure that even due to a long absence in the country he will not lose his citizenship.
How does a person become a citizen?
Citizens are persons with citizenship. But how to get it? It is assigned to the child after birth if at that moment one or both parents have Russian citizenship. If one parent is a citizen of Russia, and the second is a foreign citizen, a child must be born on the territory of the Russian Federation in order to automatically obtain citizenship. If both parents are foreign nationals residing in the territory of the Russian Federation, and another foreign state denies citizenship of the newborn, then Russia grants him to the child, according to the law on the place of birth.
The second way to obtain citizenship is naturalization. That is, upon reaching the age of 18, a capable person can apply for the status of “Russian citizen”, but subject to permanent residence in the country continuously for 5 years.
There is also a simplified system for obtaining citizenship for scientists, highly qualified specialists, people who require political asylum, and refugees. Persons who have Russian citizenship in the past , but who have lost, can simply restore it. According to federal law, citizenship can be obtained through adoption.
Rights of a Russian citizen
Each citizen has the whole range of rights that apply to universally recognized human rights, and additionally those that are provided for in this state. Citizens of a country are people living on its territory and having its citizenship. A Russian has the right to freedom of choice, to participate in referenda, may be elected to state power, be a deputy, judge, investigator, prosecutor, police and security officer, customs officer, military man, diplomat, captain of aircraft and ships. He can be elected president of the country.
Obligations of a Russian citizen
Providing citizens of Russia with their rights, the state has the right to require certain behavior from them, which is legally enshrined in accordance with the law. Therefore, there are a number of duties, and for their failure to punish.
Simply put, duty is the proper conduct of a citizen. Part of the duties applies to everyone who lives in the state. For example: paying taxes, respect for nature and monuments, caring for the cultural and historical heritage, taking care of children and parents who are currently disabled. A citizen is a person with a military duty, as citizens must be able to defend their country in critical cases.
Military duty of citizens of Russia
Citizens are people who are required to do military service. It includes: accounting, training, recruitment and passage of service, stay in the reserve, a call to the fees and the passage of the service by conscription from the reserve.
When they are 17 years old, young people are required to register with the local military registration and enlistment office, to appear at the time set by the agenda. Violation of the rules and failure to appear shall be subject to a warning or a fine.
All persons from 18 to 27 years of age are accepted for service, with the exception of those who have a deferment or release. They are criminally liable for evasion. Duration of conscription is 2 years, for those who graduated from the institute - 1 year. Under the contract, the service life that is established in it passes.
Citizens may be exempted from service for health reasons if they have a doctor or candidate of science degree or relatives who died while performing military service. Under the law, for some citizens a delay is possible if they have from two or more children up to 3 years. Also, deferment is given to those persons who undergo full-time studies, but only until its completion. It can be obtained no more than two times.
Multiple citizenship
Multiple citizenship implies the presence of several citizenships of foreign states. Responsibilities remain, and there are more. Such citizens (subjects) must bear the military duty in several states at once, pay taxes in several countries, and are deprived of the opportunity to occupy certain positions, for example, judges, lawyers, etc.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation allows citizens of their country to have multiple citizenship, but only if the law of another country or an international treaty allows it. Such persons are considered by Russia as citizens of the Russian Federation, except as otherwise provided by law. They do not deprive Russian citizenship, even if there are others in parallel.
How do you get foreign citizenship?
A foreign citizen is a person who is in the territory of one country, but who has the citizenship of another. If desired, you can obtain a second citizenship, which is considered foreign. This can be done through naturalization, which is a special procedure for this purpose. Any country has immigration law, which clearly spells out this procedure and the procedure for obtaining citizenship.
Citizenships of the USA, England, EU countries and the Schengen agreement are the most demanded at the moment. And, for example, in the state of Saint Kitts and Nevis there is no naturalization procedure, instead of it it is enough to make a certain contribution to the sugar industry and after 12 weeks you can get a citizenship and passport. Moreover, it becomes possible to visit 80 countries without a visa.
The most prestigious option is participation in investments. There is such a program in the USA. Canada, England and several other countries. Its essence is that with a certain amount of investment, you can get a residence permit, and with it later citizenship. There are also programs in which the required amount for obtaining foreign citizenship is issued on credit.
The rights of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation
The rights of a citizen are a measure of behavior protected by law, which is aimed at satisfying the interests of a person who is in legal connection with the state. Foreign citizens can freely move around Russia, excluding territories with special permission. They cannot be elected to state bodies. authorities and participate in referenda, with the exception of permanently residing in Russia. They can work only if there is a contract. Also, work will require a permit, which is an official document. Supervises labor activity of the Department of Internal Affairs and other authorities. Foreign citizens are deprived of part of the rights that are provided only for persons with Russian citizenship. They can not be called up for military service, but they can serve under the contract, having concluded it for five years.
Obligations of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation
Foreign citizens have duties: they must pay taxes and fees, take care of the environment and preserve it, protect natural resources, as well as architectural and historical monuments, respect the Constitution of the Russian Federation and comply with all laws that apply in Russia.
There are also special duties that foreign citizens must fulfill. These include registration on the territory of the Russian Federation within 3 working days in the migration service. For those living in the territory of the Russian Federation, re-registration is envisaged every year, at the end of the shortened period of residence, a foreigner must leave the country within 3 days. When canceling a permit for permanent or temporary residence, he is obliged to leave the Russian Federation within 15 days, having handed in an immigration card upon departure. Also, foreign citizens must fulfill property obligations.