Today, a large selection of heaters is presented on the building materials market. They differ in a number of characteristics. There is thermal insulation made on the basis of mineral or synthetic raw materials. Their technical characteristics are very different.
The choice of materials must be done in accordance with the features of their application. How to choose and mount insulation for a frame house will be discussed in detail below.
Features of frame houses
The thermal insulation technology of the frame house takes into account the features of such structures. They are a building that is characterized by low heat loss. This makes the designs presented in demand both in the countries of Scandinavia, in Canada, as well as in our country.
The construction of a frame house involves laying a heater inside the hollow walls. This allows you to keep warm inside the building, even in severe frost. Buildings that were built of brick, timber, foam blocks can not be compared with this indicator with frame houses.
The presented designs belong to the category of energy-efficient facilities. In the process of their operation in the winter, the owners feel a significant reduction in energy consumption for space heating. Low indicators of thermal conductivity (about 0.02 W / m * K) distinguish this type of buildings from other structures.
Despite the fact that the design initially provided for the presence of thermal insulation material, additional warming of the frame house in the harsh Russian climate may still be required. In this case, the owners of private real estate must decide what materials are best to choose for this work. There are various technologies for warming such buildings. Knowing the features of this process, the work can be done independently. In this case, it will be possible to save significant family budget funds for paying for the work of professional builders.
Features of the choice of insulation
Additional insulation of the frame house with your own hands is quite simple. However, the choice of materials and technology for this process must be approached as responsibly as possible.
Additional insulation will avoid a number of problems during the operation of the home. With the right choice of materials, as well as carrying out construction work in accordance with the requirements of the standards, it will be possible to avoid the appearance of condensation on the walls inside the house. In this case, the fungus does not appear, dampness in the room. Also, additional insulation will allow the use of heating appliances at a lower power. This reduces utility bills. The room will be warm, the microclimate will remain comfortable, healthy.
Several nuances should be taken into account when carrying out such work. Insulation of the walls of the frame house can be performed both from the inside and from the outside. In both cases, it is important to determine which material was used standardly in the construction of the building. Most often, the design scheme includes a frame on which thin panels are mounted. A layer of insulation is laid between them. So that this material does not get wet inside due to temperature changes and condensation, a membrane is placed between this material and the wall of the house, which does not allow steam to pass through. From the outside, the insulation is protected by wind protection and waterproofing film. This material is capable of passing steam. This helps to remove moisture from the material.
If the wall is insulated from the outside with a material that has a lower vapor permeability than the main thermal insulation, this will disrupt the steam circulation process. He will stagnate in the design. This significantly reduces the life of the materials. In this case, the insulation will not be able to retain heat qualitatively. Wet structures are characterized by increased thermal conductivity.
Varieties of materials
Today, a huge selection of thermal insulation materials is on sale. The choice depends on many factors. It is worth noting that it will be necessary to carry out not only additional wall decoration, but also to perform the insulation of the floor in the frame house, as well as its roof. For each application, you need to take materials with certain characteristics. Also, the choice of insulation largely depends on the technology of insulation.
On sale are many materials that are made both on a mineral and synthetic basis. It is not necessary to use materials of plant origin to create additional thermal insulation. They will not be durable. At the same time, such a heater is susceptible to pest attacks.
The most popular options for creating an additional layer of thermal insulation are mineral, basalt, glass wool, polystyrene and polystyrene foam, ecowool and cellulosic material. It is not recommended to use peat, straw or sawdust for these purposes. These are varieties of natural materials.
Warming of a frame house with polystyrene or polystyrene has a number of features. These materials are made from synthetic components. They are completely devoid of the ability to let steam through. “Breathable” materials are mineral, basalt wool. Each of the listed types of insulation has certain advantages and disadvantages. Also for each type of insulation there are a number of recommendations regarding their use. To choose the appropriate option, you need to learn about the features of each of the presented types of materials.
Ecowool
The walls and roof of the frame house can be insulated with ecowool. This material can be mounted both outdoors and indoors. In this case, two installation methods are used. In the first case, dry material is used. The second method involves the use of water and glue during installation.
Ecowool is a relatively new material. It has a number of positive characteristics. Installation requires a relatively small amount of material per 1 m². At the same time, the material has good sound insulation performance.
Equat is a material that does not release toxic substances into the environment. It does not cause allergies. Also one of the advantages of ecowool is the ability to create insulation of the frame house outside and indoors, including on the ceiling.
However, the presented thermal insulation has certain disadvantages. Over time, the material shrinks and partially loses its original qualities. Therefore, it is mounted with a margin of about 25%. Also, this material can accumulate moisture, dry for a long time. When installing it, special equipment is used. The equipment allows you to tightly clog the space with ecowool. It is also required to create an additional frame for the walls.
The material is not fireproof. With dry installation, a large amount of dust is formed, and with wet installation, you need to wait a long time until the material dries. It is important to choose the time for installation in accordance with weather conditions.
Mineral wool
Warming of a frame house with mineral wool is carried out quite often. This material is available in several versions. Mineral wool is called several varieties of heaters similar in their characteristics. This category of thermal insulation includes basalt, glass, slag and stone wool. These materials are fibers made from different materials.
It should be noted that each of the listed materials has certain characteristics. So, glass wool is subject to shrinkage. This is a fairly soft material. This can not be said about basalt or stone wool. Such a heater is quite durable.
Today, various types of mineral wool are on sale. It is distinguished by incombustibility, environmental cleanliness. It is also a “breathable” material. Most varieties of mineral wool do not emit harmful substances into the environment even with strong heating. However, you need to pay attention to the technical specifications. Some varieties may include chemical components.
The roof of the frame house is most often insulated with this material. He is not afraid of high temperatures. Mineral wool is also good soundproofing. Due to its ability to “breathe”, a fungus does not appear on the surface with proper installation. The indoor climate remains healthy.
Among the disadvantages is the lack of strength of this material. It is practically not used for floor insulation. However, for walls and roofs, it fits perfectly. In wooden buildings in which fire safety rules put forward special requirements, mineral wool is the best option. It is off.
However, it is worth noting that some types of mineral wool can emit microscopic dust particles during installation, which can negatively affect the respiratory system. This type of material is practically not used today, and it can no longer be found on sale. Modern mineral wool is produced using innovative technologies. This can significantly improve its operational characteristics.
Expanded polystyrene
Insulation of the floor in the frame house in most cases is performed using expanded polystyrene. This is an artificial material that is obtained by special processing of a polymer filler. The result is sheets of material that are characterized by high strength and low thermal conductivity. On sale are ordinary and fire-resistant varieties of this material. The first option is cheaper. However, for the safe operation of the building, it is recommended to purchase fire-resistant material.
Expanded polystyrene is inferior to mineral wool in terms of sound insulation and environmental friendliness. However, this material has several advantages. Unlike mineral wool, expanded polystyrene withstands heavy loads. For this reason, it can be used for floor insulation.
Warming of the frame house with polystyrene foam is also carried out from the outside of the walls. This is a durable material that will not burden the structure. A relatively small load will act on the foundation. Also, this material is easy to mount on your own. Light weight, as well as simple cutting allows you to perform warming quickly and simply.
For a long time, this material does not lose its original characteristics. This is a durable insulation. At the same time, rodents and insects do not spoil it. The fungus does not start on the material.
It is worth considering that polystyrene foam does not differ in its ability to pass steam. Therefore, with improper installation, the surface on which it will be mounted may become damp and deteriorate.
Styrofoam
Some buyers claim that there is no difference between polystyrene foam and polystyrene. However, they are deeply mistaken. Warming of a frame house with polystyrene can only be carried out outdoors. It is used to create thermal insulation of walls.
Polyfoam is also made from a polymer filler. However, it is not characterized by high strength and resistance to stress, like expanded polystyrene. Therefore, foam can not be used for floor insulation. He will not be able to withstand such loads and is deformed.
The advantage of polystyrene over expanded polystyrene is its lower cost. Therefore, when arranging the insulation of a frame house outside, this material is used. To provide the same thermal insulation characteristics as polystyrene foam, the foam must be thicker. If the first of these materials can have a thickness of only 3-4 cm, then the second type of insulation should have a thickness of 10 cm to provide the same thermal conductivity.
Common to both of these materials is their complete vapor impermeability. Therefore, when arranging such a layer of insulation, it is extremely important to adhere to the installed installation technology. Otherwise, moisture will accumulate under synthetic thermal insulation. This will lead to the appearance of fungus, mold and the gradual destruction of the base.
External installation of thermal insulation
Insulation of the walls of the frame house can be carried out both outside and indoors. The technologies for installing thermal insulation in this case are different. There are many methods for insulating walls on the outside.
One of the most popular technologies for external installation of thermal insulation is the use of a frame. After its assembly, a waterproofing layer is laid on the surface of the base. After that, a layer of insulation is installed. It is fixed with glue and dowels. After that, the facade is finished using different materials.
Wet technology involves the use of adhesive for the installation of insulation boards. Next, they reinforce the mesh. Then a layer of plaster is applied. This is a fairly lengthy process. But the insulation will be firmly fixed to the surface. The facade will look beautiful.
There is a technique called “heavy plaster”. It is similar to the previous version, but the plaster is applied to the insulation in several layers.
Warming of a frame house can be carried out by spraying a liquid type of insulation. This material will require the purchase of special equipment. Another option is the use for thermal insulation of the facing method. It is quite expensive, but the facade will look aesthetically pleasing.
Insulation inside the house and the roof
In some cases, it is possible to mount thermal insulation indoors. Such a method of warming a frame house can only be used if, for some reason, external installation is not acceptable. To do this, it is better to use polystyrene foam or polystyrene. Mineral wool is not suitable for outdoor use.
Expanded polystyrene does not pass moisture to the wall surface. Therefore, this option will be preferable. Polyfoam is best used only outdoors.
Mineral wool can be used to warm the roof. She warmed the space under the slopes of the roof. However, when choosing materials, you need to consider what insulation was used in the construction of the house.
Floor insulation
So, the warming of the frame house on stilts must begin with the installation of a layer of waterproofing. If there is a distance between the structure and the surface of the earth, it is better to install a film on the back of the lag. This will protect the room from drafts. On top of the waterproofing layer, you need to nail the boards tightly to each other.
Between the lags you need to install a layer of insulation. There should be no gaps between the materials. It is necessary to lay several layers. Their total thickness should be about 15 cm. A vapor barrier and plywood or chipboard are laid on top. You can also apply a board. Further finishing is carried out.
Having considered how to choose and mount the insulation of a frame house correctly, you can do all the work yourself.