Innovation in any field is an innovation, an invention of the new on the basis of the old, sometimes accompanied by the breaking of former traditions and foundations. Innovation is a special gift, the ability to invent and think progressively when it comes to the quality of the human person.
Art Innovation
In art, innovation is always a clash with criticism, misunderstanding, even condemnation. However, without sculptors, painters, innovative writers, culture would not have developed.
For example, Giotto di Bondone was the greatest innovator of his era. Since antiquity, it was customary for figures on religious canvases and frescoes to soar in the air. But the Florentine Giotto was the first to firmly set their feet on the ground. He also changed the spatial concept and the relationship between the painting and the artist and between the painting and the one looking at it. Naturally, this innovation did not immediately meet with a warm response, although Giotto di Bondone was once recognized as a great master.
Criticized Innovators
Michelangelo Buonarotti, an innovative painter, was almost blamed for heresy for his innovations. After all, he depicted the bodies of saints not just naked, but with genitalia not covered. After three decades of saints, other artists “dressed” on the orders of the authorities. And only in 1994, the images were returned to their original appearance. Centuries have passed since then.
The sculptor Jean – Baptiste Pigalle (Enlightenment), the artist Theodore Gericault (Romanticism) and many others suffered from criticism of his innovations in art.
Innovation in literature in Russia
From Latin novator is translated as “updateer”. Innovation is enrichment of the literary process, its updating, new discoveries and achievements in literature.
In Russian literature, the richest innovative solutions were the nineteenth century, its 50-60s. Then journalism and literary criticism flourished. In the 19th century, Russian literature became a trendsetter at the global level. It was vividly discussed abroad. The XIX century is the century of the formation of the literary language in Russia, and Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin contributed to this in many ways. The poets of the Golden Age (as they are called in the literature of the XIX century) began to rethink their work. A new quality appeared in poetry, poets tried to influence the minds of people for civilian purposes, in order to improve their native country.
Prose also did not stand still. Gogol and Pushkin were the founders of new artistic types. This is the “little man” of Gogol, and the “extra man” of Pushkin, and others.
The nineteenth century ended with pre-revolutionary sentiment. The end of the century opens up new names - Leskov, Gorky, Ostrovsky and Chekhov.
Innovation of Chekhov Anton Pavlovich as a playwright
Anton Pavlovich updated the drama. He was against theatricality and unnaturalness. In his plays, people and life were shown as they are. He abandoned the effects of the old theater.
For example, the play Cherry Orchard was completely new to the theater. It was not a drama, but a lyrical comedy. The play lacked shots, external intrigue and a spectacular ending. The whole idea rested on a general mood created by the totality of all the scenes. Chekhov did not give the play any complicating elements, he did not create the main character - a man around whom the conflict would spin. Chekhov allows viewers and readers to understand the psychology of actors. Lyricism, simplicity, pauses to enhance the effect and description of the landscape - all contribute to enhancing emotional perception.
Stanislavsky said that Chekhov on the stage owns internal and external truth. Chekhov introduces in his plays innuendo, understatement, as well as simple dialogues - as in life.
This was an innovation for the Russian stage and literature.