One of the most beautiful rivers in Russia is Kostroma. The local population affectionately calls her Kostroma.
The lowland along which it flows originated in the ice age. Over time, water flowed into the Volga, forming an ancient channel.
The origins
The river begins its journey along the European part of our country from the Galich Upland, which stretches almost along the meridian for two hundred and fifty kilometers and is covered with mixed forests. In the north of the Kostroma region, among the Soligalich lakes and marshy swamps, east of the city of Soligalich, near the village of Knyazhevo is the source of the Kostroma river.
If you look at the map - Kostroma keeps its way three hundred and fifty-four kilometers to the Volga itself. Historically, it was a left tributary of a great river. Now it flows into the Gorky reservoir.
The water resource of the river is replenished mainly when snow melts.
Upper Character
Just starting its long journey, winding and very narrow in its upper reaches, the Kostroma river winds very much. Frequent rifts on a rocky bottom make her rage and murmur. Steep and steep banks hide forest thickets.
About fifty kilometers the river runs along the border of the Kostroma and Yaroslavl regions. In these places is the republican state reserve "Kologrivsky forest." It was created in 2006.
Ornithologists conduct research here. In addition, scientists are exploring the world of fish. The changes in the landscape are studied depending on the spills of the Kostroma river. Water is collected in it from an area of 16,000 km 2 .
The total length of the rivers of the Kostroma region is 1,475 km, and most of them are located in hard-to-reach places or even in the wilderness, which can only be reached by water or air.
The Kostroma River quickly collects water from numerous tributaries. And now this is no longer a narrow winding rivulet. Now its width reaches thirty to forty meters. The largest rivers are tributaries of the Kostroma River:
- On the left - Vocha, Veksa, Tebza, Sacha, Mesenda.
- To her right are Svetlitsa, Lamsa, Selma, Monza, Obnor and Shugoma.
Two rivers, Mesa and Sot, already carry their waters not to Kostroma, but to the Gorky reservoir.
Downstream
Having reached the city of Buoy, the river spills sixty meters. Here it flows calmly and majestically. Spills and numerous bends appear. From May to October, Kostroma becomes shipping here.
Since November, the river is icebound. Its thickness can reach forty-five centimeters.
Ice drift begins in April, and sometimes in early May. Spring water flushes winter ice in three days. The river wakes up and a flood begins, which lasts almost until June.
From the mouth of the tributary, the Vocha Kostroma is full and calm. It flows between the high banks covered with forest. There are many even deep sections in this place of the river. After the village of Kashino, the shores become open. There are small stony rapids in the channel.
Further along the coast of villages there is no up to the village of Pechenga (Buisky district). Near this village, Kostroma connects with the rivers Ezan and Korgopol on the left and Tutka on the right. Near the mouth of the Jezani River is a large island, all overgrown with bushes.
Beyond Pechenga, the steep river banks become more open, revealing a panorama of the village of Nikolo-Miracle. Here in 1808 the Church of the Icon of the Mother of God of Kazan was built. The church is preserved, but abandoned. And in the village itself there are no more residents.
The village of Dyakonov has a beautiful large sandbank formed by the spill of the Kostroma River. Previously, a ferry went to this place.
On the right bank behind the shallow can be seen a magnificent pine forest. Picturesque views are pleasing to the eye all the time traveling along the river.
The upper Kostroma is narrow and flows quickly. The bottom there is hard and rocky, rifts are not uncommon. In the lower reaches, where the river is calm and wide, the bottom is silty and viscous. Where crossings are possible, they have been built since ancient times.
Kostroma Sea
In September 1956, the Gorky Reservoir was created on the Volga. Therefore, the lower Kostroma, on the map consisting of many lakes and rivers, were flooded. It now flows into the bay four kilometers above the former mouth. The man-made sea spilled about 120 km 2 .
The villages of Spas and Vezha, located earlier near the mouth of the Kostroma River, also went under water. Only the crown of a stone church from the Savior is visible, like a landmark for motor boats and rare ships.
The lower reaches of the river beyond the Kostroma Bay were blocked by a dam on the Idolomka River and a dam in the city limits of Kostroma. In the old channel, the ships go to the repair dock. Lower Kostroma flows within the Kostroma region and around the city. Its length is twenty-seven kilometers. The largest river flowing here is Uzoksa. It pours its waters fourteen kilometers from the mouth.
History tour
In the nineteenth century, the river was an important transport route. Numerous inhabitants of its shores could feed near her. She was navigable to Soligalich. And the steamship movement was carried out from the buoy to the mouth of Kostroma. The riverbanks were rich in forest. He was actively harvested and fused.
If earlier rafting was used, then in the Soviet years this was done by the mole method. Such an alloy was usually conducted during the flood. Logs were simply dumped into the water. They were not held together and bound. In order to direct the forest with the flow, erected devices - booms. When it was necessary to stop the rafting, they built special traps - zani. When molten alloy part of the logs got wet and drowned. The river was cluttered with rubble and marshes. This made her dangerous for shipping. The river was chalking. The fish died. So many rivers were destroyed in our country. That is why molar alloy is banned in Russia in our time.
The photo shows the mole alloy of the forest in the vicinity of the city of Bui. Photo taken in 1976 by the Frenchman Jacques Dupacier.
Recreation and fishing
The Kostroma River is famous for its natural beauty. Nekrasov noted her picturesque spills in his poems. It was here that he saw a peasant saving a hare. Kostroma Bay has become a favorite vacation spot. Here, fishing with motorboats and rowing boats. Catch fishing and diving. River tributaries, not spoiled by rubble, are rich in living silver. Pike and perch, roach and bleak - an excellent catch is waiting for every fisherman.
In the luxurious forests along the Kostroma river there is expanse for mushrooms and berries, although these places are difficult to access due to the high banks. Arrivals from Yaroslavl or Moscow are not uncommon here. They come with baskets or fishing rods to relax in nature and gain strength. But for amateur hunters there is where to spend time. Along the old ladies, duck hunting is allowed.
Five-headed
In the place where the Kostroma River flowed into the Volga, Ipatiev Monastery is located. Now this place is called Ipatievsky cape. The place of the old mouth of Kostroma. The monastery was first mentioned in the annals of 1435. The construction of the Ipatiev Monastery lasted from the sixteenth to nineteenth century.
It was here that they blessed the Romanovs.
The main temple - Trinity Cathedral - is decorated with five gilded domes. Centenary oaks and larch trees grow in the monastery garden. The cathedral majestically rises above the water, reflected by its five heads. As an architectural monument, the Holy Trinity Ipatiev Monastery is included in the Golden Ring route, and about four hundred thousand tourists come here annually.
Kostroma city
The ancient Russian city of Kostroma appeared in the XII century at the confluence of Kostroma with the great Russian river Volga. Located at the intersection of two important trade arteries, in a hundred years it becomes the center of the specific principality.
Today Kostroma has retained its historical center: ensembles of the Holy Trinity Ipatievsky and Epiphany Anastasia Convents. They are built in accordance with the style of classicism. The city has many churches and chapels. Kostroma is officially listed as a historical settlement.
The width of the Volga in the area of the city is six hundred meters. Therefore, there is also a large river port. Previously, the "Rocket" came here - high-speed hydrofoil ships. But since the nineties, only cruise ships have moored at the port.
Kostroma is an ancient center for the production of linen. At one time, it was difficult for her to compete with the influx of cotton from Central Asia and synthetics into the market. But foreign experts praised the natural flax of Kostroma. Now almost all products are exported.
Legend
The annals of the Voskresensky Soligalichsky monastery keep the legend of how a certain prince arrived at the headwaters of the river. He planned to lay a temple. The first thing he did was send his people to find out the name of the river. His messengers sailed to the city of Kostroma. And only then did they learn that the river was called Kostroma.