Cabbage comes in many varieties. Vegetables with early ripening are characterized by common properties: heads of cabbage quickly ripen, withstand low temperatures, rarely crack. But they are stored for a short time. Read about the early varieties of cabbage and their cultivation in the article.
Features of outdoor cultivation
To grow the best varieties of early cabbage, a number of conditions must be observed:
- The vegetable needs good lighting, so solar beds are chosen for its planting.
- Varieties of early cabbage are demanding on the composition of the soil. Vegetable prefers light and moist soils.
- Needs watering. In order not to form a crust, the earth needs to be loosened. If the weather is dry, two liters of water should be poured under each plant.
- Early varieties of cabbage need to be fed. Liquid fertilizers begin to be applied to the soil after rooting of the sprouts.
- Seedlings should be transplanted from the greenhouse to the garden beds only when three or four leaves appear on the plants.
- For planting, a 30x60 cm scheme is used.
- Seedlings do not need to be deeply embedded in the soil.
- When the heads start to form, the plant is spud.
- Early cabbage is adapted to any temperature conditions, but does not tolerate extreme heat. Comfortable for her is 17-20 o C.
- When planting, you should adhere to certain dates, but taking into account the climatic characteristics of the region in which the vegetable is grown. This period is extended in time. Planting begins at the end of March, and its completion - at the beginning of the last month of spring.
Features of growing in a greenhouse
To obtain the earliest cabbage varieties, indoor soil is used. The time for planting seedlings in the greenhouse is April. But before that you need to prepare the room. According to the reviews of vegetable growers, early cabbage varieties are best planted at a distance of 35 cm. So forming heads of cabbage will not squeeze each other, and the roots will receive a sufficient amount of nutrition from the soil. Greenhouse cabbage has a number of features when growing:
- In the room you need to install a thermometer and monitor the temperature. It should be 18 ° C during the day, and 10 at night.
- Seedlings need moderate watering. It is carried out when the soil begins to dry out. Waterlogging is not allowed, otherwise the roots will rot.
- In the greenhouse, mice are often wound up, which can destroy all plants. Need to set up a mousetrap.
- The best varieties of early cabbage, according to gardeners, need weekly top dressing. Vegetable growers with experience believe that plants will receive more nutrients if alternated with organic and mineral fertilizers.
- The greenhouse should be regularly ventilated, even in cold weather. For cabbage, the lack of oxygen is worse than frost.
White cabbage
Early varieties are intended for fresh consumption. Salads, juices, side dishes and soups are prepared from such vegetables. White cabbage has a small variety of varieties, the taste of which differs little. In addition, all varieties of cabbage are medium in size. If they are watered incorrectly, they crack. According to vegetable growers, varieties of early white cabbage are not stored for a long time. For the winter, such heads do not leave. Many new varieties are being bred by breeders, but not for the sake of any achievements. The main goal is to get an early cabbage resistant to arid as well as cold weather. The names of the early varieties of white cabbage are given below.
June
By the name of the variety, you can guess that this cabbage is harvested in the month of June, as it ripens in 90-100 days. The fruit has an elliptical shape, its structure is loose, and its density is medium. Heads weigh two kilograms or more, but despite their heavy weight, they are small. These vegetables belong to the early varieties of white cabbage. They are distinguished by increased cold resistance. They can withstand temperatures of up to five degrees below zero. This cabbage is also grown in garden beds, and not just in greenhouses.
The variety has an attractive feature: heads of cabbage have a high presentation, the same size and ripen together. If you tighten with cleaning, the cabbage will crack. According to gardeners, to prevent this from happening, you need to prevent large temperature drops. They advise sheltering heads of cabbage for the night.
Cossack F1
This is a high-yielding hybrid. It is resistant to diseases of the species, heads of cabbage do not crack. Vegetables tolerate cold well, so they can be grown in unprotected soil, that is, in the garden. Cabbage is considered an early variety, but it takes 112 days to ripen. But this is offset by a good harvest: four kilograms per square meter of the garden.
Cabbage is characterized by long trunks, the height of which reaches 30 cm. The heads are small and light, their diameter is 18 cm, and their weight is 1.2 kg. The color is not typical for white cabbage. The outer leaves are greenish-gray, on the surface of which a waxy coating is visible. The head of cabbage has a white-cream color, it is juicy and crispy. The stump is six centimeters long.
Parel
This vegetable belongs to the best varieties of early cabbage for open ground. Matures in just 95 days. According to gardeners, it is necessary to grow it in your garden, because from year to year this cabbage gives high yields, up to five kilograms per square. Flattened heads of cabbage are average in size; by the time of harvest, their weight reaches two kilograms. The size of the stump corresponds to the parameters of the head. The leaves are green with a muted shade, white plaque on their surface is barely visible.
It is not stored for a long time, the maximum period is two months. But transported over long distances without loss of appearance and quality. It is used fresh and for processing. Due to the high content of vitamin "C", this cabbage is widely used in diet food.
Golden hectare
This vegetable belongs to the best varieties of early cabbage. It enjoys well-deserved popularity due to its high yields: seven kilograms of fruit per square meter. The dimensions of the head of cabbage exceed the standard and reach 2.5 kg. They are dense, can be stored for five months. This cabbage is good fresh and in conservation. According to reviews of vegetable growers with extensive experience in growing this crop, untimely harvesting does not affect the quality of the heads, they rarely crack. It is recommended to lay this cabbage for storage for the winter.
Dumas F 1
This hybrid is ultra-mature. 90 days are enough for him to ripen. Heads of cabbage are small in size, their mass reaches one and a half kilograms. They have an average density, voids are absent, heads do not crack. The leaves have a standard color: green on the outside, yellow-white on the inside. Greenhouse conditions are more suitable for growing. It is better to plant seedlings at home. When it grows and gets stronger, transplant into a greenhouse. The presentation and taste of the cabbages at a high level.
Transfer F 1
The names of the early varieties of white cabbage are different. But this hybrid is worth remembering for those who grow vegetables for sale. The heads always have a presentation as they do not crack. Rip at the same time, which is especially true for mass cultivation. They are of medium size and density, the leaves on the outside are green, in the section - white.
Cauliflower
This type of these vegetables is the most demanding in care. Greenhouse conditions are considered the best for growing. Here you can easily maintain the temperature and humidity in optimal mode. If conditions are not met, heads of cabbage will become soft and crack. For growing early varieties suitable regions with a cold climate. The vegetative period, although short, but the crop can be harvested before frost.
This cabbage has features in top dressing. Greenhouse vegetables do not like fertilizers containing nitrogen and potassium. The best food for them would be mullein, superphosphate, urea.
Cauliflower is a diet vegetable. It must be consumed frequently. It seems to many that it can be grown only in a warm climate. To date, many varieties are bred that are adapted to any climate, even Siberian. Examples of early varieties of cauliflower are presented below.
Snowball
This variety has a dense white head. It has excellent taste. Despite the early landing, snow-covered heads of cabbage are solid and beautiful. They have a classic rounded flat shape. One ovary weighs an average of 800 g. If you provide very good care, this figure increases significantly, up to about 1200 g.
Seedlings are planted densely, but this does not affect the fruiting results. From a plot of one meter square, two to four kilograms of vegetables are harvested. This variety is resistant to various diseases, quickly adapts to adverse weather conditions. Cabbage is used fresh, various dishes are prepared from it.
Express
Cauliflower of this variety is a leader in terms of taste. This is an early ripe culture. A characteristic varietal sign is a medium-sized outlet and small heads. Their weight reaches 350-500 g. White inflorescences have a yellowish tint. By the time of ripening, the head becomes rounded. This period begins two months after planting.
According to experts, the variety is suitable for growing in a greenhouse, but if the spring is warm, seedlings can be planted on beds in the garden, but risky. The cabbage yield is good: one and a half kilograms per square meter, 18 tons per hectare.
Advantages of the variety: cabbage is the most delicious, little susceptible to vascular bacteriosis. Disadvantages: it is damaged by pests, for which leaflets are a treat.
Movir 74
This hybrid has early ripening and high yield. The diameter of the rosette of leaves is 45-95 cm. The heads, as a rule, are rounded in shape, sometimes they are slightly flattened. To get large heads of cabbage, whose diameter is 25 cm, weight - 400-1400 g, you need to plant seeds with high quality, properly care for plants and hope for good weather.
A feature of the hybrid is that its surface has a wavy shape. When collecting large heads of cabbage, the yield increases to four kilograms per square. The advantages of cabbage include:
- Good taste.
- Use fresh and canned.
- The heads mature at the same time.
- Two crops are harvested per year.
- It tolerates heat and low temperatures.
White beauty
The advantage of this variety is the rapid maturation of heads of cabbage. White inflorescences have a dense texture. Large heads have a rounded shape weighing 1.2 kg. Thanks to the white color, their presentation is attractive. Cabbage differs from other varieties in that the heads are completely covered with light green leaves. So they are protected from sunlight and pests.
Cabbage has a unique taste and in its composition contains many minerals that are beneficial to human health. It is used in fresh, frozen and canned form. It is famous for its rich harvests: six kilograms per square meter. This, to some extent, is influenced by the size of the heads. They are big and very heavy.
Warranty
Cabbage ripens early. From seedlings to full ripening, 70-98 days pass. Grown on beds in open soil and in greenhouses. Leaf blades are up to 60 cm high and 36 cm wide. The head of cabbage is dense, flat-round, weighs about 1.2 kg. The color is white with a touch of cream, the surface is fine-grained. The crop is characterized by amicable ripening and high rates: about four kilograms per square meter of square.
Dutch cabbage
This is a very popular crop. It is grown in open ground and greenhouses. A feature of the varieties is the exactingness to lighting, otherwise their growth and development will be slowed down. This will negatively affect crop yields. The name of the Dutch cabbage varieties of Dutch selection is very diverse. Today, vegetables adapted for growing in various regions of our country are bred.
Early cabbage has modest yields. It is not used for canning and pickling. This is due to the fact that such a cabbage has tender leaves, without spicy crunch and density. Heads of cabbage are loose, have a tendency to crack. However, this does not affect the desire to grow early species. After all, they are a source of vitamins necessary for a person to live. Some Dutch varieties of early cabbage are presented below.
- Bingo - this vegetable has the longest shelf life, up to nine months, despite early ripening. Heads of cabbage have the correct form, do not crack, their mass reaches one and a half kilograms and more, stably bear fruit.
- Musketeer - ripens very early, the growing season is 55 days. It has small dimensions, the weight of heads of cabbage is 0.8-1.3 kg. They do not crack.
- Python - the grown crop of this variety of cabbage needs to be collected in a timely manner to prevent cracking. The culture is resistant to Fusarium. Vegetables are consumed fresh, they are suitable for pickling and cooking various dishes.
- Resistor - in terms of ripening, mass and resistance to fusarium, the variety is similar to the previous one. Cabbage is adapted to high temperatures.
- Mirror 1 - ultra-early hybrid, used fresh. Heads of cabbage have dark green color, in a section - yellowish. Their density is average, the weight reaches one and a half kilograms. Reach full maturity in 45-50 days.
- Kevin F 1 - a hybrid with heads of green has an average size and density, its weight is 1.5 kg. Thanks to its excellent taste, gardeners often grow it. Used for fresh consumption, not suitable for winter storage.
- Tiara F 1 - ultra-early hybrid, forms head in 59 days, belongs to productive varieties. It is characterized by juicy leaves, aligned heads. The culture is suitable for growing in greenhouses and open ground. This is a fairly large cabbage, the weight of the head is two kilograms. It has a universal purpose: it is used in fresh, stewed form, it is used for harvesting for the winter.
- Farao F 1 - is the best variety of Dutch selection. Ripens quickly, in 63 days. Heads of cabbage are large, dense, grow up weighing three kilograms. The culture is unpretentious to growing. The vegetable is adapted to drought, temperature extremes. For good growth, it is enough to water and fertilize it. Not cracking.