Every summer resident dreams of a rich harvest, but to get it, you will have to make a lot of effort. In addition to bad weather, drought or hail, the pests of the garden can negate all the results of labor. How to deal with them not only in store, but also with improvised means, you can learn more.
Pest Management Methods
Harmful insects can not only reduce the quality of the crop, but also destroy the plant completely, and you will have to work hard to protect your garden. Pest control should begin with prevention, which includes such methods:
- Agrotechnical - digging the soil, pruning and removing affected and dry branches, weed control and preventive treatment of seedlings, cuttings, tubers and other planting material.
- Mechanical involves the search for and destruction of insect nests along with the testes.
- Biological - connecting beneficial insects and birds to pest control.
- Chemical - insect control using various drugs.
What pests are considered pests of fields and gardens? Cabbage scoop and whitefish, aphid, bear, wireworm, potato moth, slugs, Colorado potato beetle have become a real scourge of every summer resident, and the fight against them does not stop even for a minute.
Broth of bitter wormwood against caterpillars
Cabbage whitewash and a scoop can be dealt with using decoctions of plants that are absolutely harmless to humans, but pests of the garden and the kitchen garden are afraid of them. Quickly destroy pests decoction of bitter wormwood. To do this, boil 1 kg of dried plants for a quarter of an hour. Next, the broth is cooled and filtered, after which it is diluted with water (10 liters). Helps enhance the effect of the infusion of chicken droppings (1 kg is poured with water and left for 2 days). Then mixed wormwood broth and litter infusion. Then the mixture is filtered and water is added in such an amount that the resulting volume is 10 liters. Now you need to spray the plants to the complete destruction of pests once a week.
Other useful infusions and decoctions against caterpillars
Garden pests are extremely afraid of burdock infusion. Cooking it is quite simple. To do this, finely crushed leaves of the plant are placed in a container, filling it halfway. Next, the dishes are poured with water to the very edge and left to infuse for three days. After which the mixture is filtered and the plants can be sprayed.
Chamomile infusion is also very popular among summer residents and gardeners: flowers are filled with water in a proportion of 1:10. The mixture is infused for 12 hours, while the plants need to be stirred occasionally. Now the infusion is filtered and diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 5.
An excellent remedy against caterpillars is a tincture of liveliness. To cook it, you need to take 0.5 kg of dry plant and insist it in 10 liters of water.
Chemistry against insects
Despite all the assurances of sellers that a particular product is harmless to health, chemical preparations should be treated with extreme caution. The most common of these are Benzophosphate and Karbofos, which should be diluted with at least 60 g per 10 liters of water. Stop spraying should be no later than a month before harvesting. No less popular is Foxim (100 g per 10 liters of water). The last treatment with this drug should be carried out in 20 days. It is popular among summer residents and Rovikurt (10-25 g per 10 liters of water). This solution can be used 15 days before cleaning.
But what if the plants were attacked by pests before harvesting? In this case, a biological agent will help. Garden pests are sprayed with "Dendrobacillin" or "Entobacterin" in a proportion of 60 g per 10 liters of water. Vegetables and fruits become harmless after 5 days after the last spraying.
How to deal with aphids and ticks?
These garden pests are quite dangerous and cause enormous damage to vegetables and melons. But you can get rid of them with the help of safe natural preparations. A simple and proven way to destroy these insects is to prepare a decoction of potato melon. To do this, take 1.2 kg of fresh chopped tops, plants pour 10 liters of water and the mixture is left for 2-3 hours. Then the solution is filtered, and they can be sprayed with plants.
Mustard infusion: 1 kg of flowers is boiled for 30 minutes in 10 liters of water. After which the mixture is cooled and filtered. Now it is necessary to add 20-30 g of laundry soap to the solution. Then you can spray the affected plant aphids. Also against these pests will help infusions and decoctions of dandelion, tobacco, hot pepper, tomato tops, yarrow, garlic and onion husks.
Chemistry Against Aphids
The most famous and harmless way to get rid of pests is to treat the affected area with a soap solution of household and soda ash. Preparing it is quite simple: 50 g of soda and 50 g of soap are diluted in 10 liters of water. The only thing to remember: you can eat vegetables after such treatment no earlier than 10 days. "Benzophosphate", "Rovikurt" and "Karbofos" are also effective against these insects. You can use them in the same proportion as against the tracks.
Gardens Beach - Bear
If you ask any gardener what kind of insects are pests of fields, vegetable gardens are the most dangerous, then, undoubtedly, everyone will answer that this is a bear, she is a cabbage, or an earthen crustacean. This insect adores well-moistened and fertilized lands with manure and can damage seedlings, tubers and even the fruits of any vegetable, fruit or flower plant. Pest control is very difficult, as the insect is almost impossible to detect in the ground. The best means of destruction is Karbofos: dilute 20-25 g of the substance in 10 liters of water and treat the soil with the resulting solution in the evening, spending about 10 liters per 1 sq. Km. m. Pest can be exterminated only in the fall. Before digging the garden, it is worth watering the roots of plants with this solution: 100 g of kerosene is diluted in a liter of water.
But before using chemicals, it is better to carry out prophylaxis. Alder twigs help to scare away the pest, which must be buried in the ground every 1.5 meters. Lures and traps will also help. In the warm season, spread small heaps of manure around the site and check them for eggs and insects every 15 days. You can also arrange traps, and to do this, dig in small basins so that the edges are on the same level with the soil. Pour water into the trap so that it does not reach the edge by about 9 cm.
Wireworms
These insects - pests of fields and gardens look like small beetles up to 2 centimeters long. They can be recognized by the click that insects emit, if they are turned on their backs. By themselves, these beetles are quite harmless, but their larvae cause great damage to plants. The control of wireworms is very difficult and time-consuming, but losses can be reduced by systematic processing. Start a war in early spring. Lay out bunches of leaves and straw throughout the site and destroy the insects gathered there. Very effective bait from vegetables: potatoes, beets, carrots. Small pieces are strung on twigs and buried to a depth of 12 cm. After a couple of days, it is worth inspecting the traps and destroying the beetles. By updating the cut, you can reuse traps in other places in the garden.
You can protect seedlings from wireworms if you treat the wells a weak solution of potassium permanganate one day before planting (from three to five grams per 10 liters of water). In May – June, aisles must be loosened. This will help to easily destroy the bulk of the beetle larvae. Timely disposal of weeds will help in the fight against the pest, because these insects love to lay larvae in overgrown places. In the fall, when digging into chernozem, you can add a little coal ash at the rate of 1 liter per 1 sq. Km. m. Of the chemical agents against wireworm, Diazinon (30 g per 10 sq. m) and Foxim (50 g per the same area) will help.
Potato moth
The most dangerous pest that can be destroyed only by gas treatment with aerosol preparations. These pests of fields and gardens look like gray butterflies, reaching a length of 12-15 mm. The hind wings of the insect are decorated with long fringe. Damage is caused by a caterpillar that has a yellow color and a black or dark brown head. Damages any nightshade plants both during the growing season and during storage. It is almost impossible to eradicate the pest on its own, and when it is detected, it is urgent to notify the state inspection.
Colorado beetle
These insects - pests of the garden are known to any summer resident. Despite the fact that the Colorado potato beetle spoils only potatoes, partially tomato and eggplant, there is an ongoing struggle with it, because three generations of the voracious beetle may appear during the season. It is better to destroy the pest using natural methods. In areas with a small amount of potatoes and eggplants, periodic manual collection of beetles, as well as nests and larvae, is necessary. Before emergence of plants, you can decompose the potato peel on the site. A large number of insects will surely gather on it, which are easy to destroy.
Plants can be sprayed with a harmless walnut infusion. The recipe is simple: fresh leaves (100 g) are poured with 2 liters of water. The mixture is boiled for 10 minutes, after which it is cooled and filtered. Next, 200 g of this broth are diluted in 10 liters of water. You can start spraying. If you can’t destroy the Colorado potato beetle by such methods, then you need to use chemicals. Currently, there is a huge selection of them to deal with this insect. But it is worth remembering caution and carefully follow the instructions for use of any drug.
Slug
These garden pests cause great concern to owners of sites located in humid areas. Since insects prefer to eat at night, it is better to start fighting them in the evening. To do this, lay out any wet material on the site, sacking will do. Slugs will certainly gather here, and in the morning they can be easily destroyed. It will be useful to pollinate plants with ash after dark.
Slaked lime can also be used
. Such a decoction will help in the fight against this insect: 0.5 kg of hot pepper is crushed and boiled in 5 liters of water for one hour. Then the mixture should be allowed to infuse for two to three days. The resulting concentrate should be diluted with water in a ratio of 0.5: 10, and the site can be treated.